In Greece, the title "Secretary of State" (Greek: Γραμματεύς της Επικρατείας) was used only intermittently during the early years of the modern Greek state. The General Secretariat is the central and permanent organ of the Organization of American States. The Section is responsible for the Holy See's interactions with civil governments. The Minister-Secretary of State gives technical and administrative assistance to the President and Vice President in running State affairs. The secretariat is also responsible for the Holy See's foreign relations. A special case is the Parlamentarischer Staatssekretär (parliamentary secretary of state), which is a member of parliament who is appointed to a ministry as a Staatssekretär; in the German Foreign Office and the German Chancellery the official title is Staatsminister (Minister of State). He is, in many ways, the counterpart, at the state level, of the Cabinet Secretary. On 21 November 2017, via a communique[9] of the Secretariat of State, it was announced that Pope Francis had created the Section for Diplomatic Staff, expanding the responsibilities of the Delegate for Pontifical Representations. When Cardinal Pell had to take a leave of absence in 2017 to go back to Australia and face infamous allegations, of which he was later acquitted, the Secretariat for the Economy’s work got stalled. [3], On 28 June 1988, John Paul II promulgated the apostolic constitution Pastor bonus,[4] which introduced a reform of the Roman Curia and divided the Secretariat of State into two sections: the Section for General Affairs and the Section for Relations with States, which incorporated the Council for the Public Affairs of the Church. ADVERTISEMENTS: The Chief Secretary is the administrative head of state administration in India. Such posts, which were intended to improve the connection between a ministry and the parliament, have recently become subject of some controversy. When any policy is made in the Cabinet Secretariat there must be signature of Prime Minister and Cabinet Secretary of India. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) Secretariat is the Principal Executive Institution of SADC, responsible for strategic planning,facilitation and co-ordination and management of all SADC Programmes.It is headed by the SADC Executive Secretary and is located in Gaborone, Botswana.. In the Orange Free State (1854–1902) the Secretary of State was the original title of the main administrative officer of the State, who worked closely with both the State President as head of state and head of government, and his cabinet, and with the Volksraad, the parliament of the Orange Free State. It is headed by the Cardinal Secretary of State and performs all the political and diplomatic functions of the Holy See. Its mission is to support the Government of Estonia and the Prime Minister of Estonia in policy drafting and implementation. Under the Ancien Régime, Secretaries of State were Crown officers whose responsibilities were similar to those of today's governmental ministers. The specific powers and duties of this office depend on the constitution and laws of the particular state, but they often include responsibility for overseeing elections within the state. In the state of Oregon the secretary of state is an elected office that acts as the equivalent of a lieutenant governor in other states among many other duties. According to the relevant articles of the apostolic constitution Pastor bonus,[7] the responsibilities of the Secretary for Relations with States are: The Section is headed by an Archbishop, the Secretary for Relations with States, who reports to the Secretary of State. The Canadian Cabinet used to have a Secretary of State for External Affairs who acted as the country's Foreign Minister, but this position was abolished in 1993 and a new position of Minister of Foreign Affairs was created. The head of the Technical Secretariat is the ... assists development by Member States of programmes to protect against chemical weapons; and, supports and fosters international cooperation in chemistry for peaceful purposes. In addition, the State Secretary provides the President and Vice President with their reports, coordinates household matters and protocols, as well as assisting in the drafting of bills and/or Governmental regulations. In Malaysia, Chief Secretary to the Government is the Malaysian secretary of state. [4] Since 1998, the office of Kulturstaatsminister has been held by Michael Naumann (1998–2001), Julian Nida-Rümelin (2001–2002), Christina Weiss (2002–2005), Bernd Neumann (2005-2013) and Monika Grütters (since 2013). In 1814, Pope Pius VII gave this office responsibility for negotiations with all governments, renaming it the Extraordinary Congregation for the Ecclesiastical Affairs of the Catholic World (Latin: Congregatio Extraordinaria Praeposita Negotiis Ecclesiasticis Orbis Catholici). It was then abandoned, until used instead of the title of "Minister" (Υπουργός) for the cabinet members in the 1835–37 Cabinet of Josef Ludwig von Armansperg, with Armansperg being designated "Chief Secretary of State" (Αρχιγραμματεύς της Επικρατείας). The U.S. secretary of state has the power to remove any foreign diplomat from U.S. soil for any reason. Is there anything wrong with this page? In three states (Alaska, Hawaii and Utah), there is no secretary of state. Close. By a gradual process between then and the 1960s, most of the ministers of the British cabinet became secretaries of state. Until the reorganization of the Portuguese Public Administration structure in 2004, it was common for a secretary of State to be in charge of a secretariat of State (Portuguese: secretaria de Estado), a Government department with a status below that of a ministry. for the Holy See's diplomatic relations with states, including the establishment of concordats or similar agreements; for the Holy See's presence in international organizations and conferences such as the United Nations; in special circumstances, by order of the Supreme Pontiff and in consultation with the competent dicasteries of the Curia, provides for appointments to particular Churches, and for their establishment or modification; House of Retreat for the Clergy of Saints John and Paul, This page was last edited on 10 January 2021, at 23:46. The Prime Minister of India is the Head of the Union (Federal) Government, as distinct from the President of India, who is the Head of State. The State Secretary is the head of the public service in his/her state. At its heart are the WTO agreements, the legal ground-rules for international commerce and for trade policy. As in France and Belgium, a State Secretary in the Netherlands is a junior minister who is responsible to a Cabinet Minister or the Prime Minister. On February 1, 2017, Rex Wayne Tillerson was sworn in as the 69th United States secretary of state. It is headed by the UN secretary-general. In addition to this function, it is the final authority for the conclusion of Treaties on behalf of the Community and for entering … In many countries, a secretary of state is a mid-level post. Secretary of State is the member of the State Executive Council, appointed by the Governor (in Malacca, Penang, Sabah and Sarawak) or the Sultan (except in Negeri Sembilan, appointed by the Yang DiPertuan Besar; and Perlis, appointed by the (Raja of Perlis). The Secretary for Police as Head of the Civilian Secretariat is accountable to both the Minister and Parliament in terms of reporting. The German Staatssekretär is a Beamter (civil servant) who is second only to the minister in a state or federal ministry, so the equivalent postiton is Permanent Secretary, not Secretary of state. Secretariat is a thoroughbred. It also handles the Department’s relations with the White House In 1707, England and Scotland were merged into the Kingdom of Great Britain, and there was a third Secretary of State for Scotland until 1746. One such example is Raimo Sailas. Pope Francis added a third unit, the Section for Diplomatic Staff, in November 2017. In 1782 the system was reformed back to two secretaries of state: a Home Secretary (including colonial affairs) and a Foreign Secretary, with the addition of a third for War from 1794. The current Substitute for General Affairs to the Secretary of State is Archbishop Edgar Peña Parra. It is not to be confused with the Minister of State title given to a senior French cabinet minister of particular importance. After reducing the scope of Cardinal Pell’s audit, the Secretariat of State regained its central role in the Roman Curia, while the Secretariat for the Economy was weakened. The U.S. secretary of state is head of the United States Department of State. This happens usually when the government or the minister changes. From 1540 there were sometimes two secretaries of state. Typically, there is one State Secretary assigned for each minister in the cabinet, and two for the Prime Minister. The Secretary of State is a member of the Council of Ministers (Congresso di Stato). In Brazil, a Secretary of State (Portuguese: secretário de Estado or secretário estadual) – commonly referred simply as "Secretary" (Portuguese: secretário) is one of the government members of each of the Brazilian states, subordinate to the respective State Governor. The role varies between countries, and in some cases there are multiple secretaries of state in the government. Tillerson was succeeded by former congressman and then current director of the CIA Mike Pompeo, on April 26, 2018. [5], Branch of the Holy See that handles political and diplomatic functions, Loss of assets and corruption investigation, Assessor for General Affairs of the Secretariat of State, Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development, Archive of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Divine Worship and Discipline of the Sacraments, Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses, Pontifical Committee of Historical Sciences, Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See, Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See, Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff, Congregation for Indulgences and Sacred Relics, Secretariate of Briefs to Princes and of Latin Letters, Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church, Pontifical Council for Social Communications, Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People, Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers, Fundamental Statute for the Secular Government of the States of the Church, History of the Catholic Church since 1962, Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State, Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State, List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See, Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia), Coats of arms of the Holy See and Vatican City, Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City, Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici, Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes, "Pope names long-time Vatican diplomat as deputy of Secretariat of State", "Pope formally strips Vatican secretariat of state of assets", "Third Section Established in Secretariat of State", "Resignations and Appointments, 15.01.2020", Communiqué of the Secretariat of State, 21.11.2017, Curia reform: Pope Francis reorganizes Vatican Secretariat of State, Profile of the Secretariat from vatican.va, The Pope's Team: the Vatican's Secretariat of State, Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life, Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff, Fine Arts and Letters of the Virtuosi al Pantheon, Agency for the Evaluation and Promotion of Quality, Heads of the diplomatic missions of the Holy See, Multilateral foreign policy of the Holy See, Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri, Permanent Observer to the Council of Europe, Palace of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, Palace of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secretariat_of_State_(Holy_See)&oldid=999590320, Religious organizations established in the 15th century, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The official responsible for foreign policy is called Minister of Foreign Affairs (Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores) or "Chancellor" (Canciller). The Secretary of State usually served as Chief Minister (See List of Prime Ministers of Spain). The United States secretary of state is the foreign minister of the federal government of the United States while in most of the individual U.S. states the secretary of state is an administrative officer responsible for certain governmental functions, often including overseeing elections. An exception to this rule is the public works department which is headed by the Chief Engineer, a specialist. A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state in its unity and legitimacy. The Secretary-General of the United Nations (UNSG or SG) is the head of the executive branch of the United Nations (the Secretariat) and is the head of state and government of the UN, and the commander-in-chief of the United Nations Navy.. The first Secretary of State was Karl Terras. Pope Innocent XII definitively abolished the office of Cardinal Nephew, and the powers of that office were assigned to the Cardinal Secretary of State alone. The role: is an important symbolic one has no maximum fixed term is not hereditary, and future Heads will be chosen by Commonwealth leaders. Pope Francis enacted legislation stripping the Secretariat of State of its financial assets and real estate holdings following its bungled management of hundreds of millions of euros in donations. The Kuwaiti Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dr. Sheikh Muhammad Al-Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah, is in charge of international relations of Kuwait, and all Kuwaiti representatives abroad. Each ministry may have one or several Secretaries of State. The Secretariat is the United Nations' executive arm. A state secretary (Finnish: valtiosihteeri), is the highest official below each minister. Verhaal. President Barack Obama named Hillary Clinton as his choice for 67th secretary of state on December 1, 2008. The organization of the governments of Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique and São Tome and Príncipe closely mirrors the Portuguese government model. Since 1993, some junior ministers have been styled Secretary of State, and assigned in specific policy areas to assist Cabinet ministers. Despite being members of the Government, the Secretaries of State usually do not participate in the Council of Ministers, unless they are specially summoned for and, in this case, without right to vote. The German Parliamentary Commission for Culture and the Media (Ausschuss für Kultur und Medien im Deutschen Bundestag) serves in place of a proper ministry for this department. At federal level, the officer responsible for foreign affairs, a position equivalent to that of the United States Secretary of State, is the Minister of Foreign Affairs. Inter State council is a constitutional body set up on the basis of provisions in Article 263 of the Constitution of India by a Presidential Order dated 28th May, 1990 on. While officially it is not a political office, often it is assigned by appointment based on political criteria such as party affiliation, rather than by career progression as a civil servant. His term ended on March 13, 2018, when being fired by President Trump. The apostolic constitution Non Debet Reprehensibile of 31 December 1487 established the Secretaria Apostolica comprising twenty-four apostolic secretaries, one of whom bore the title Secretarius Domesticus and held a position of pre-eminence. Despite this type of departament no longer officially existing in the organization of the Portuguese Government, it is still common usage for the portfolio of a secretary of State to be colloquially referred to as a "secretariat of State". The United Kingdom was formed by the union of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland in 1801. The current Secretary for Relations with States is Archbishop Paul Gallagher. The CARICOM Secretariat’s mandate is to contribute, in support of Member States, to the improvement of the quality of life of the People of the Community and the development of an innovative and productive society in partnership with institutions and groups working towards attaining a people-centred, sustainable and internationally competitive Community. The title of State Secretary was replaced by that of Government Secretary soon after the formation of the state apparatus and was thereafter never used again. The Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope, or Cardinal Secretary of State, presides over the Secretariat of State, which is the most important dicastery of the Roman Curia, as it organizes, makes appointments to, and directs the activities of the other dicasteries. As in France, a Secretary of State in Belgium is a junior minister who is responsible to a minister or the Prime Minister. The committee unanimously voted to approve him on January 29, 2013, and the same day the full Senate confirmed him on a vote of 94–3. 263) and he specified the duties of each of the three sections: the first was concerned essentially with extraordinary affairs, while the second attended to the ordinary affairs, and the third, until then an independent body (the Chancery of Apostolic Briefs), had the duty of preparing and dispatching pontifical Briefs. Secretaries of State are connected to specific ministry, and serve as a de facto vice minister. The Secretariat Posted in About EAC. On 19 July 1814, Pope Pius VII established the Sacred Congregation for the Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, expanding the Congregatio super negotiis ecclesiasticis Regni Galliarum established by Pius VI in 1793. There is in any case a partial overlap of membership among these organs and between these top CCP bodies and the Standing Committee of the State… In the United Kingdom, a secretary of state is a cabinet minister in charge of a government department (though not all departments are headed by a secretary of state, e.g. See Current list of Secretary of States for Belgian Federal Government. For example, from 1987 to 1995, a Secretariat of State for the Culture existed directly subordinate to the Prime Minister. In the United Kingdom, a secretary of state is a member of the cabinet appointed by the queen on the advice of the prime minister (and thus equivalent to a cabinet minister). Is the director of the EPA appointed or eleceted? A similar role is played by Ministers of State, however Ministers are members of the cabinet. From 1660 there were always two secretaries of state, between whom oversight of foreign affairs was divided on a geographical basis while domestic affairs were shared: the Northern Secretary and the Southern Secretary. On February 1, 2017, Rex Wayne Tillerson was sworn in as the 69th United States secretary of state. These positions can be created without primary legislation. The secretary of state is also, in protocol, the first Cabinet member in the order of precedence, immediately preceding any former presidents and former first ladies, who are followed by the rest of the Cabinet. The WTO is the only international body dealing with the rules of trade between nations. There is in theory only one office of Secretary of State,[6] and legislation generally refers only to "the Secretary of State". Therefore lowercase spelling is the first or only variant recorded in some major dictionaries such as the, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Secretary of State (U.S. state government), Current list of Secretary of States for Belgian Federal Government, government of the Brussels-Capital Region, Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media, German Parliamentary Commission for Culture and the Media, Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation, State Secretary in the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, article 46 of the Government and Administration Organisation Act, "Frequently asked questions – Office of the Historian", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secretary_of_state&oldid=998056489, Articles with Estonian-language sources (et), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from November 2008, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, Articles containing Finnish-language text, Articles containing Luxembourgish-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2010, Articles containing Swedish-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 3 January 2021, at 16:21. Be the first to answer! The Section for General Affairs handles the normal operations of the Church including organizing the activities of the Roman Curia, making appointments to curial offices, publishing official communications, papal documents, handling the concerns of embassies to the Holy See, and keeping the papal seal and Fisherman's Ring. Critics claim that parliamentary secretaries of state are usually given little to no influence and responsibility within their ministry. Balke moti is the head of the secretariat and he is appointed by general assembly. Following the Portuguese model, in the Government of Timor-Leste, a Secretary of State (Sekretáriu Estadu in Tetum, Secretário de Estado in Portuguese) is a junior minister, subordinate to a cabinet minister. CSG is recruiting a new Head of Secretariat to lead on corporate governance across the department. The Head of Secretariat will be the Task Team Leader (TTL) for the PEFA trust fund, if the Head is eligible according to the World Bank's rules concerning conflict-of-interest, appointment type and accreditation for that function. From 1715 to 1834 the Secretarios de Estado y del Despacho were the heads of different government departments. For example, Vincent Van Quickenborne was a Secretary of State charged with the simplification of the administration, and in this role he was accountable to the Prime Minister. Summit of Heads of State In accordance with the Organization’s statutory provisions and on proposal of the Council of Ministers, a Summit of Heads of State and Government of APPO Member Countries is to be held on specific and strategic matters for the Organization. In the Kingdom of England, before 1660, an officer entitled Secretary of State came into being near the end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603), the usual title before that having been King's Clerk, King's Secretary, or Principal Secretary. 22 July 2014 | 19:50 Announcement of the Press Secretariat of the Head of State. State Secretaries tend to, more often than the Ministers do, hail from a fixed civil servant background or a professional background relevant to the area of responsibility that belongs to their respective ministries. [2] On December 21, 2012 President Obama announced his choice for secretary of state during his second term, Senator John Kerry. The secretary is the secretary to the state government as a whole and not to the individual minister concerned. This influence largely results from the fact Who is the head of the Secretariate? As the chief coordinator of the state secretariat and other administrative departments and as head of the civil service, he is the pivot of the state governance […] They act merely as deputies of ministers, having only the powers delegated to them by their ministers or directly by the Prime Minister. His confirmation hearing took place on January 24, 2013, before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. For example, when interviewed about his post as a parliamentary minister of state in the German Foreign Office during an investigation into visa abuse, Ludger Volmer claimed that he had been cut off from the workflow within the ministry, and called the Staatsminister office an "Unding" (absurdity). The current Assessor for General Affairs of the Secretariat of State is Monsignor Luigi Roberto Cona. Usually, the secretaries of State do not participate in the council of ministers. Abroad, the Section for General Affairs is responsible for organizing the activities of nuncios around the world in their activities concerning the local church.[6]. From these beginnings, the Secretariat of State developed, especially at the time of the Council of Trent. His staff includes a Prelate, the Under-Secretary for Relations with States, and is assisted by Cardinals and Bishops. She was confirmed on January 21, 2009, the day after Obama's inauguration and is the third woman to hold the position. In the President's case, the Minister-Secretary of State also provides assistance for the President in his role as Commander-in-chief of Indonesian National Armed Forces. The position is widely regarded as the most senior in the Cabinet. [3] Controversial investments which were made by the Vatican Secretariat of State department also became subject to a corruption investigation. In Portugal, a secretary of State (Portuguese: secretário de Estado, masculine; secretária de Estado, feminine; secretários de Estado, plural) is a junior minister, of intermediate rank between that of cabinet minister and that of under-secretary of State. A statssekretær in Norway plays more or less the same role as the French or Swedish equivalent. In the South African Republic the Secretary of State was the main administrative officer of the State, working closely with both the State President as head of state and head of government, and the parliament of the South African Republic. With the apostolic constitution Regimini Ecclesiae universae[2] of 15 August 1967, Pope Paul VI reformed the Roman Curia, implementing the desire expressed by the bishops in the Second Vatican Council. It ensures that the regulations and directives adopted by the Council of Ministers are properly implemented, and provides the Council of Ministers with strategic recommendations. In Sweden, a State Secretary (Swedish: Statssekreterare) is a political appointee, second in rank to the Minister (Swedish: Statsråd) in charge of the ministry. For a long time, the Secretarius Intimus, also called Secretarius Papae or Secretarius Maior, was almost always a prelate, often endowed with episcopal rank. Thus, in these countries, a Secretary of State (Portuguese: secretário de Estado) is a junior minister, subordinate to a cabinet minister. In most of the individual states of the United States, the Secretary of State is an administrative officer responsible for certain governmental functions. Nevertheless, they are the administrative head of the ministry. The Cardinal Secretary of State is primarily responsible for the diplomatic and political activity of the Holy See, in some circumstances representing the Pope himself. In the United States federal government, "Secretary of State" refers to the official responsible for executing the non-military and non-homeland security aspects of foreign policy, the analogue of the foreign secretary or foreign minister of a country that has one or the other. There have been 10 substitutes since 1953: The deputy to the Substitute for General Affairs, effectively deputy chief of staff, is called the Assessor for General Affairs of the Secretariat of State. They depend on the full confidence of their minister and can at any time be posted into provisional retirement with their pension paid in full. This is a fantastic opportunity to work closely with senior leaders in delivering a strategic governance model, and shaping the performance culture across the CO. At state level, the Brazilian secretaries of State have functions similar to those of the Ministers of the Federal Government. In three states (Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia), the position is called "Secretary of the Commonwealth", since these states as well as Kentucky are called "commonwealth" instead of "state". They are the principal advisers to the Minister, who is the head of the department(s) under their charge. In Mozambique, the role of vice-minister (Portuguese: vice-ministro) exists as an intermediate government rank between those of minister and Secretary of State. The origins of the Secretariat of State go back to the fifteenth century. All the while they are paid very generously due to receiving two salaries, both as secretary of state and as member of parliament. The Congregation for the Ecclesiastical Affairs of the Kingdom of France was set up by Pope Pius VI with the Constitution Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum in 1793 to deal with the problems created for the Church by the French Revolution. It is usually a politically appointed position, although in some countries, such as Germany and Sweden, it can be filled by a member of the executive bureaucracy (civil service) as a political appointment (equivalent to permanent secretary). However, these junior ministers are not themselves members of Cabinet. Head of State is een Amerikaanse komische film uit 2003 van en met Chris Rock, met verder onder meer Bernie Mac. In present-day organisation of the Spanish Government a Secretario de Estado is a junior minister. This is a new arrangement; during the introduction of this model, a secretary was called "political state secretary" (poliittinen valtiosihteeri). The Chief Secretary is the head of the entire secretariat while a Secretary is the head of one or two departments. He is appointed by the Indian President for a 5 -year term. The position of State Secretary existed during certain periods of time. The Commonwealth Secretariat … In contrast, previously only two ministries, Ministries of Finance and Foreign Affairs, used to have state secretaries, who were permanently appointed. The top civil servant in a government department is called Secretary-General (secretaris-generaal). In the Republic of San Marino a Secretary of State is a senior Cabinet Minister in charge of a State Department.