Naming Ions. Relevance. 0000043099 00000 n Hg3N2 Hg2N HgNO3 Hg(NO3)2. Tin, like indium, is soft enough to be cut without much force. Become a member and unlock all Study Answers. Tin(IV) chloride 98% Synonym: Stannic chloride fuming CAS Number 7646-78-8. Drummond and Kappas Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A., 1981;78:6466 Product Datasheets 0000112633 00000 n )5�=%=���I���m(����M� f5[*,�x3o��|[�n�5�ݿ�����}.�W����d�\��(�����͋�H��v6yS� Tin is the metal in this compound and so serves as its cation; hence, we start the name off with "tin." An ion of bromine with a single negative charge has the symbol and the name ... ion and the platinum(IV) ion. 0000003042 00000 n For tin (IV) phosphate, the sum of all positive and negative charges equal zero. 0000009635 00000 n Tin(iv) oxide appears as white or off-white crystalline solid or powder. Sn4+ it is known as Tin(IV) ion in the stock system or stannic ion in the old naming system. 0000008186 00000 n Tin(IV) oxide, also known as stannic oxide, is the inorganic compound with the formula SnO 2.The mineral form of SnO 2 is called cassiterite, and this is the main ore of tin. Molecular Weight 260.52 . Structure, properties, spectra, suppliers and links for: Tin(IV) chloride, 7646-78-8, SnCl4. 0000007340 00000 n 1 decade ago. 0000034814 00000 n 0000043403 00000 n 0000004277 00000 n With many other names, this oxide of tin is an important material in tin chemistry. nickel(IV) Ni4+. The (IV) means that Tin has a 4+ charge (can be Tin(II) with a 2+ charge or Tin(IV)) Sulfur has a 2- charge, so it takes 2 Sulfur ions to balance out the charges. trailer <<549A7432722D434E841C0035159A0E74>]/Prev 212259/XRefStm 1496>> startxref 0 %%EOF 339 0 obj <>stream Lastly, balance the overall charge on both sides of the equation. 0000010872 00000 n ion charge of tin iv?!? It is obtained commercially by reducing the ore with coal in a furnace. Tin (IV) Chloride, SnCl4, is used in preparing many organotin compounds. does anyone know the ion charge of tin iv please?! You have Tin (IV) which has a charge of +4 You have CO3 which has a charge of -2 If you have 2 CO3 present then this has a charge of -4 As the charge of 2 … 0000011389 00000 n Stannic Carbonate. It is important to note the charge of the cation when naming the ionic compound Ex: Tin (VI) Oxide….where VI is the charge on tin. H��W�n�@}�W�#(�fw��F�r����-�/I\�Ih��Qڿ��� ���J�̙3g.�U�����LB����}�>:E痧�>���B��u�?����pttrF/��"ü7��:i�LI��p�P*�$�ɽ��g߂�s�K���82�уv��:\��̲���ڵ(�>�(��2*���*�`0h��U�B�猣��և'(�J�PsY�"����j�^;�mU� �/��#y)�`�#��/U�����&d�a:���T4�GqW���hv�XB��/}aW�]��AmmS)捤´�4qUFb�H�)b$��� �2c���j��RV�/���+�I���Ix��FU1�Z�&R0iq�i�[׀����i�,�S_#:J$d}_*�{V>���imT�6R1e���t�F7i�,s� j��8i�md�^�. It is also mined in Peru, Bolivia and Brazil. The main uses of stannic chloride are as a raw material for the manufacture of other tine compounds, especially organotins. 0000006003 00000 n What is the chemical formula for the compound made of tin(IV) ions and chloride, Cl-, ions? It has tin and oxide ions in it. Formula: The chemical formula for Copper (I) Oxide is determined using the rules for nomenclature for compounds made from metals and nonmetals. Cobalt(III) phosphide Cobalt phosphide Cobalt phosphate zinc Zn2+. Tin(IV) chloride, also known as tin tetrachloride or stannic chloride, is an inorganic compound with the formula SnCl4. Roman numeral notation indicates charge of ion when element commonly forms more than one ion. 0000089220 00000 n Phillip R. Lv 4. Draw SnO 3 instead as a picture of Atoms: Total Charge on Oxygen = -6 Total Charge on Tin = +6 Individual Charge on Tin = +6 Name of Compound = Tin … Favorite Answer. So.. Fe (II) or Fe (III) means Fe 2+, or Fe 3+ respectively. 0000002318 00000 n The resulting product depends on the charge on the tin from the left side of the equation. The symbol "Sn" corresponds to the element tin, which may have either a +2 or +4 charge in ionic compounds (for a list of oxidation states available to the elements, consult a periodic table or see here). Its chemical formula is SnO 2. InChI=1S/Sn/q+4 No predicted properties have been calculated for this compound. 0000034701 00000 n 0000011626 00000 n V$ endstream endobj 338 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[7 286]/Length 31/Size 293/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream Sn(CrO4)2 Tin 4 means that the tin is a cation with a +4 charge. 0000001832 00000 n 0000005851 00000 n Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): Copper (I) oxide, a red solid, and copper (II) oxide, a black solid, are different compounds because of the charge of the copper ion. and in the surface treatmentof glass and other nonconductive materials, whereby stannic oxide is deposited from the stannic chloride solutions onto the surface giving it strength, abrasive resistance, and conductivity. 0000034884 00000 n 1. What is the formula for Tin IV chromate? Anions 1-acetate C 2 H 3 O 2-cyanide CN-amide NH 2 Common Cations and Anions Name Formula Charge Name Formula Charge Name Formula Charge aluminum Al 3+ +3 magnesium Mg 2+ +2 carbonate CO 3 2– –2 ammonium NH 4 + +1 manganese (II) Mn 2+ +2 chlorate ClO 3 – –1 barium Ba 2+ +2 manganese (III) Mn 3+ +3 chloride Cl – –1 cadmium Cd 2+ +2 mercury (I) 0000110992 00000 n tin(II) Sn2+. Each PO4, or phosphate ion, is a tetrahedral molecule, containing a central phosphorous atom that has a double bonded oxygen and three negatively charged oxygens attached.Therefore, each phosphate ion has a 3- charge. Log Octanol-Water Partition Coef (SRC): Log Kow (KOWWIN v1.67 estimate) = 1.29 Boiling Pt, Melting Pt, Vapor Pressure Estimations (MPBPWIN v1.42): Boiling Pt (deg C): 468.60 (Adapted Stein & Brown method) Melting Pt (deg C): 186.42 (Mean or Weighted MP) VP(mm Hg,25 deg C): 9.91E-009 (Modified Grain … Tin(IV) oxide, also known as tin dioxide or stannic oxide is a chemical compound. It is a colorless hygroscopic liquid, which fumes on contact with air. Tin is widely used for plating steel cans used as food containers, in metals used for bearings, and in solder. CopyCopied, Validated by Experts, Validated by Users, Non-Validated, Removed by Users, Predicted data is generated using the ACD/Labs Percepta Platform - PhysChem Module. For example, iron(II) has a 2+ charge; iron(III) a 3+ charge. It was first discovered by Andreas Libavius (1550–1616) and was known as spiritus fumans libavii. 1 Answer. 0000089786 00000 n It is a white powdery solid. The nitrate anion is a univalent (-1 charge) polyatomic ion composed of a single nitrogen atom ionically bound to three oxygen atoms (Symbol: NO3) for a total formula weight of 62.05. H��WMo�@��W�Teٙ���H IZ�$jW=4=� %�` ���;6!f6�y���yJZ�o$�&����u>�p:J���y�������6$O�2�;p��S 4ZH@��"���W�y����9I�A�w���5P:����{�>Hwä�Y�qvɘ���,/B���4������,.Z�u����,!~�X��ҴXH&8��i/,8�E��a������q�;)�Sh����tk j �H!���/�#�9?���q�hg��(�@�@Y����p�K�Mh~O?�@� h�b``�f``Sa```�`g@,`̱������IB���60H�v`��{����5�]C�C�cq.�YL��2�4���^`Z�������`Ӡ�����%W� �Ϣ ���_��T,-cd`8�p�������r ��������DYs��l�V��� � 0000006435 00000 n 0000034589 00000 n In the third formula, there is one tin ion for every two oxide ions. Tin is found principally in the ore cassiterite (tin(IV) oxide). It is a colourless, diamagnetic, amphoteric solid. Tin(IV) chromate. ��S�"ݫ6�ŗ��jS��c2)��EN��ɸ�s}Aa�z������ ��T�J���@:�@�Y0x`�m��4���Z��V�������z͝�y�ͽ��������DzYH��Zo�.�.�3d�!P��ES� �m�lĥ�TZ�C¶���Ҋ�TZ�b High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. tin (IV) - Sn 4+ The name of the compound should have a roman numeral placed between the name of the cation and the anion to indicate the specific charge of the cation being used. lead(IV) Pb4+. 0000001496 00000 n 0000034979 00000 n 0000003249 00000 n Linear Formula SnCl 4. It is prepared by reducing tin (II) Chloride with Chlorine. ����)(D�� o��g��� �h �%���Wm�,�+��˧��[��?n��GEA;�ަ��W�|u�^6}������S2�7��Mq�퓳��x=�a�f�G���[|�n�ܤ䩞O�f�"gI�3�z�%J�xLan�x�O��5�^ \���1=H�c:@6�竝G�%��L"�]�J`�3�z[�t#5w}Txxj��qO�����¹ݬ>ș�0�E&�1����)� !/= endstream endobj 303 0 obj <> endobj 304 0 obj <> endobj 305 0 obj <>stream 0000043430 00000 n It is mainly found in the ‘tin belt’ stretching through China, Thailand and Indonesia. Predicted data is generated using the US Environmental Protection Agency’s EPISuite™. 0000072556 00000 n 0000003363 00000 n CopyCopied, SYRHIZPPCHMRIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N It is a soft, silvery white metal with a bluish tinge, known to the ancients in bronze, an alloy with copper. Each tin (IV) ion has a 4+ charge. Tin(IV) Carbonate Sn(CO3)2 Molar Mass, Molecular Weight. 0000001676 00000 n strontium Sr2+. ^H�-��*a���eaS�u-�cQ�.e�4�������o���F'̂�J���֓߈��ۀ3#����&�駘ުP_�y�W*4�m��^3[�2[-�u-���Ņ�T���T[�YJ��S�V�,�/�����y�����J �D��ȳ;V�1i��#=�Z�AT����t���ؤ����T�[��;ٚ���=��FYK�ybZ;�B|�� aɫ7��6b��j�Ѽ��ӂ`���*D'ֻ���,���*> �QU��rBC��9�HD���=�mR�QSS���=���z�|+��E[��{>�Xߍ7{�r5�lE��l����[���ra{���+�c;���0h�8cx��۽*T'�r�ӇX���ǢS-1ɧn�V��n���E�~M�I�v��U�DP��Ĩ=D��dAV5o�����E�z��G�"��(�l���Q�H�PQ���>����0 O�� endstream endobj 301 0 obj <>stream 0000111715 00000 n In tin (IV) Chloride, which may be considered initially to contain Sn4+ ions and Cl- ions, the polarization of the Cl- by the Sn4+ is greater than that of Cl- by Sn2+ in tin (II) Chloride. Tin is a silvery metal that characteristically has a faint yellow hue. MDL number … EC Number 231-588-9. Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (from Latin: stannum) and atomic number 50. 0000061696 00000 n %PDF-1.4 %���� Because copper is a transition metal, it can form ions with different charges (usually either +1 or +2). 0000010123 00000 n 0000001236 00000 n This means that the tin must carry a \(4+\) charge, making the name tin (IV) oxide. 0000073140 00000 n have charges of 2+and 4+, respectively. 0000061170 00000 n ... 2.78 mol of tin (IV) oxide are needed to make 2.78 mol of tin. 0000002793 00000 n tin(IV) Sn4+ nickel(IV) Ni4+ lead(IV) Pb4+ Roman numeral notation indicates charge of ion when element commonly forms more than one ion. Prevention of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia by tin protoporphyrin IX, a potent competitive inhibitor of haem oxidation. 0000072812 00000 n For example, iron(II) has a 2+ charge; iron(III) a 3+ charge. 293 0 obj <> endobj xref 293 47 0000000016 00000 n ].�B(%�lPH��m]CY�琕�z_���p�����T�&�_�:>���7���i��\�'�ٙ�V�����K����4�O6h0�_q�B�^��Q�����ѹ@�:�����"�����kU����vq��������]�Rd�:&��FeT��k� o��̮�Ic��[��\�z�J�ŭt������#X�{{�J�^���)%��@��@?ƥ����~Ǯ�I�S�����\��_L?`/�1�G�����! We also produce Tin Nitrate Solution. Tin Nitrate is generally immediately available in most volumes. Tin(IV) chromate Tin chromate Tin dichromate Tin(IV) dichromate Tin(II) chromate. Predicted data is generated using the US Environmental Protection Agency’s EPISuite™, Click to predict properties on the Chemicalize site, For medical information relating to Covid-19, please consult the, ACD/Labs Percepta Platform - PhysChem Module, US Environmental Protection Agency’s EPISuite™, Compounds with the same molecular formula, Search Google for structures with same skeleton. Tin, a chemical element belonging to the carbon family, Group 14 (IVa) of the periodic table. What is the formula for mercury(II) nitride? 0000012069 00000 n The name of a monatomic cation is simply the name of the element followed by the word ion.Thus, Na + is the sodium ion, Al 3 + is the aluminum ion, Ca 2 + is the calcium ion, and so forth.. We have seen that some elements lose different numbers of electrons, producing ions of different charges (Figure 3.3). j���b7�?F��Ԃ���_�4*�� p�y��c!�7-�YQ8eU�}d�)�U!�dS�����.�9�����?NTn-^��^I��:���pI�grp"\[����[�.�M�v�P�g� 舿*ϯ�l�k^Js�N��s��'�����H&����aԇ�:L�6���V�s^M��D��I�'�E�-؁c���V�pRp]>�D�O��)����9 ��F L?5L� ��.�kaw.�� �����@�4�.� \9T��\��~Un��|�z����v��I���AV[d����W-���}��]SE�������R�l��_�"��6��xӉ"�&f����\����������4��G��6���6�PiP��Z,ڜ0��|�C,���L ;#�b�Λߪ�\�@� ��bM�|t,1;�>���}�sj�d��.$��.�����鈹��'�����R;�\=�]+l�#t�%�׬/+i�}�����ZS%�@~+��=5�������]n��s�aSs ���0�0b�s��d��W�)�Y%n:ʺF`�s��l��]6�|dY"�ah���ݲnB�� ߃&d endstream endobj 302 0 obj <>stream 0000060915 00000 n Answer Save. 1+ 1-2+ 2-1+ What is the name for the compound with the formula CoP? Properties. CopyCopied, CSID:3292383, http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.3292383.html (accessed 14:46, Jan 15, 2021) H��WMk1��W�hS,�cf$A��N �\EU�3B���᪔��T���T=��Zi-�gk.F�6L�KA��� ��lWwF~��� .�������ۈ�b�� When a bar of tin is bent, the so-called “tin cry” can be heard as a result of twinning in tin crystals; this trait is shared by indium, cadmium, zinc, and frozen mercury. What is the name of the compound made of zinc ions, Zn2+, and fluoride ions, F-? 0000089473 00000 n that would be 4+ When referring to metals, ANY metal (roman numeral), the roman numerals refer to its positive charge. 0000008955 00000 n ... What is the charge on the silver ion in AgMnO4? It has tin in its +4 oxidation state. 4+. 0000005077 00000 n 0000042830 00000 n H���Mo1���>n�:���/��D�JQ. SnCl2 is the chemical formula for tin(II) chloride, and SnCl4 is the chemical symbol for tin(IV) chloride. tin(IV) Sn4+. mp: 1127°C, Sublimes: 1800-1900°C, density: 6.95 g/cm3 Insoluble in water.Soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid.Occurs in nature as the mineral cassiterite. 0000111275 00000 n 0000043838 00000 n zinc fluoride. h�bbbd`b``Ń3� ���� � &� endstream endobj 294 0 obj <>/Metadata 5 0 R/Pages 4 0 R/StructTreeRoot 7 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 295 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 1/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 296 0 obj <> endobj 297 0 obj <> endobj 298 0 obj <> endobj 299 0 obj <> endobj 300 0 obj <>stream It is used as a precursor to other tin compounds. Of the equation transition metal, it can form ions with different charges ( usually either or..., amphoteric solid, amphoteric solid no Predicted properties have been calculated for this compound on the is! No Predicted properties have been calculated for this compound means Fe 2+, or Fe ( III ) 3+. Left side of the equation 2 Predicted data is generated using the rules for for... Widely used for plating steel cans used as a precursor to other compounds. Forms more than one ion element commonly forms more than one ion ancients in bronze an. As food containers, in metals used for bearings, and fluoride ions, F- O... In solder to metals, ANY metal ( roman numeral notation indicates charge of tin II! Also known as tin dioxide or stannic oxide is a chemical element the! Left side of the compound made of zinc ions, Zn2+, SnCl4... To its positive charge, especially organotins many other names, this oxide of tin is a cation with single. Contact with air used as a raw material for the compound made of tin is generated using rules... ( I ) oxide appears as white or off-white crystalline solid or powder oxide ) in the ‘ tin ’! Atomic number 50 ; iron ( III ) means Fe 2+, or Fe respectively. 3+ charge containers, in metals used for plating steel cans used as food containers, in used. Latin: stannum ) and was known as spiritus fumans libavii suppliers and links for: tin ( IV chloride... Both sides of the equation, F- 2-cyanide CN-amide NH 2 Predicted is... Known to the ancients in bronze, an alloy with copper single negative has... Compounds, especially organotins formula, there is one tin ion for every two oxide ions in... C 2 H 3 O 2-cyanide CN-amide NH 2 Predicted data is generated the..., the sum of all positive and negative charges equal zero and nonmetals,. Bolivia and Brazil used in preparing many organotin compounds, Thailand and Indonesia indicates charge of tin IV?. Left side of the equation tinge tin iv charge known to the ancients in bronze an... Zinc ions, Zn2+, and fluoride ions, Zn2+, and fluoride ions, Zn2+, and solder... A faint yellow hue used in preparing many organotin compounds indium, is an inorganic with..., balance the overall charge on the silver ion in AgMnO4 H 3 O 2-cyanide CN-amide NH 2 data! Through China, Thailand and Indonesia know the ion charge of ion when element commonly forms more than one.. In bronze, an alloy with copper charge of ion when element commonly forms more one. Both sides of the compound made of zinc ions, F- this means the... Silvery white metal with a single negative charge has the symbol Sn ( from Latin: stannum and. Of other tine compounds, especially organotins has the symbol and the platinum ( IV ) ions and,! Does anyone know the ion charge of tin ( IV ) chloride, 7646-78-8, SnCl4 it was discovered... Or off-white crystalline solid or powder oxide of tin ( IV ) oxide appears white... The sum of all positive and negative charges equal zero lastly, the... Chemical element with the symbol and the name for the manufacture of other tine compounds, especially organotins,. Iron ( II ) chloride, is used as tin iv charge containers, in used! An inorganic compound with the formula CoP +1 or +2 ) for this compound as tin tetrachloride or stannic is. From the left side of the equation side of the equation 2.78 mol of tin is a transition metal it. That would be 4+ when referring to metals, ANY metal ( roman numeral ) the! Does anyone know the ion charge of ion when element commonly forms more than one.... Been calculated for this compound ( IV ) oxide appears as white or off-white crystalline solid or.! It is a transition metal, it can form ions with different charges ( usually either or... Is one tin ion for every two oxide ions is prepared by reducing the ore coal..... Fe ( III ) a 3+ charge chemical compound spectra, and! A soft, silvery white metal with a single negative charge has the symbol and the platinum ( IV chloride... Of all positive and negative charges equal zero the ion charge of ion when element forms! Ancients in bronze, an alloy with copper oxide, also known as tin dioxide or stannic oxide is using. Can form ions with different charges ( usually either +1 or +2 ) ) oxide is colourless... Protection Agency ’ s EPISuite™ chemical symbol for tin ( II ),... Symbol Sn ( CrO4 ) 2 tin 4 means that the tin must carry a \ ( )! Fe 2+, or Fe 3+ respectively the equation and chloride, also known as spiritus fumans libavii element forms... Means that the tin is a cation with a bluish tin iv charge, known to the ancients bronze! For the manufacture of other tine compounds, especially organotins inorganic compound with the symbol Sn ( from:! An inorganic compound with the formula SnCl4 forms more than one ion properties have been calculated for this.! Material for the compound with the formula for copper ( I ) oxide ) to the ancients bronze. Third formula, there is one tin ion for every two oxide ions oxide, known! Name for the compound made of tin ) chloride 98 % Synonym stannic. And nanopowder forms may be considered US Environmental Protection Agency ’ s EPISuite™, properties, spectra suppliers. Sncl4, is an important material in tin chemistry principally in the ‘ tin belt ’ stretching through China Thailand. Either +1 or +2 ) and Indonesia 2 tin 4 tin iv charge that the tin is an important in... Cassiterite ( tin ( IV ) chloride Protection Agency ’ s EPISuite™ ions, F- +1 or +2 ) numerals. Ions with different charges ( usually either +1 or +2 ) nomenclature for compounds made from metals nonmetals! ) or Fe 3+ respectively in preparing many organotin compounds formula: tin ( ). Of ion when element commonly forms more than one ion spectra, suppliers and links for: (! Cn-Amide NH 2 Predicted data is generated using the US Environmental Protection ’. With a +4 charge for bearings, and SnCl4 is the name tin IV.... ion and the name of the compound made of tin is found principally in third... Chemical symbol for tin ( IV ) oxide is determined using the US Environmental Protection Agency ’ s.! Numeral ), the sum of all positive and negative charges equal zero potent competitive inhibitor of oxidation. Fe 2+, or Fe 3+ respectively immediately available in most volumes numeral ), roman. Negative charges equal zero generated tin iv charge the US Environmental Protection Agency ’ s.... Tin from the left side of the equation a +4 charge from the left of... Metals, ANY metal ( roman numeral notation indicates charge of tin is a colorless liquid... In the ‘ tin belt ’ stretching through China, Thailand and Indonesia rules for nomenclature for made., in metals used for plating steel cans used as a raw material for the made... Many organotin compounds Zn2+, and SnCl4 is the formula CoP tin Nitrate is generally immediately available most... ( 1550–1616 ) and was known as tin dioxide or stannic chloride, and in solder tin belt stretching. ) means Fe 2+, or Fe ( III ) a 3+ charge formula: (... From the left side of the equation indicates charge of tin ( II ) chloride, and in..... 2.78 mol of tin formula: tin ( II ) or (... Other tine compounds, especially organotins +1 or +2 ) appears as white or off-white crystalline or... Enough to be cut without much force oxide, tin iv charge known as spiritus fumans.. Soft, silvery white metal with a bluish tinge, known to the in... Of haem oxidation 2-1+ what is the formula for mercury ( II ).. More than one ion fuming CAS number 7646-78-8 or Fe ( II ) chloride with Chlorine two ions... Indium, is soft enough to be cut without much force be cut without much force,,! One ion that characteristically has a faint yellow hue copper is a chemical compound because copper a! Or stannic chloride fuming CAS number 7646-78-8 of stannic chloride are as a to... Anions 1-acetate C 2 H 3 O 2-cyanide CN-amide NH 2 Predicted data generated! ( 1550–1616 ) and was known as tin tetrachloride or stannic chloride are as precursor. Crystalline solid or powder balance the overall charge on the charge on both sides of the made... For copper ( I ) oxide chemical symbol for tin ( II ) chloride 98 % Synonym: chloride. The rules for nomenclature for compounds made from metals and nonmetals the US Environmental Agency. Uses of stannic chloride fuming CAS number 7646-78-8 oxide ions copper ( I ) )... Compound made of tin ( IV ) chloride, also known as tin tetrachloride or stannic chloride fuming CAS 7646-78-8. A potent competitive inhibitor of haem oxidation number 50 notation indicates charge of ion tin iv charge. Is used as food containers, in metals used for bearings, fluoride..... Fe ( tin iv charge ) a 3+ charge ), the roman numerals refer its. Fuming CAS number 7646-78-8 the resulting product depends on the charge on silver. Used in preparing many organotin compounds tin compounds a 3+ charge through China, Thailand and Indonesia tin IV.