[16][17], Young first heard about the massacre from John D. Lee, one of the participants. [72], Repeated conflict in Nauvoo led Young to relocate his group of Latter-day Saints to the Salt Lake Valley, which was then part of Mexico. [114], One of the more controversial teachings of Young during the Mormon Reformation was the AdamGod doctrine. He dedicated his talents to the LDS church throughout his life, and his ideas and leadership shaped the colonization of Utah and the Intermountain West. "[127] In 1863, Young stated: "Shall I tell you the law of God in regard to the African race? He instituted a ban prohibiting conferring the priesthood on men of black African descent, and led the church in the Utah War against the United States. "[97] Seven years later in 1859, Young stated in an interview with the New York Tribune that he considered slavery a "divine institution not to be abolished". At the time of his death on August 23, 1877, Young had married 56 women-19 predeceased him, 10 divorced him, 23 survived him, and 4 are unaccounted for. 25 and had the reputation of being his true love, much to the chagrin and mortification of the youthful Ann Eliza Webb Dee Young, No. On Tuesday, DJ Ferguson was in open-heart surgery to receive a mechanical heart pump, called a left ventricular assist device, which should keep him alive for up to five years, according to his parents, who worry about the toll the device will have on their son's quality of life. His mother died of tuberculosis in June 1815. "[128] Young was also a vocal opponent of theories of human polygenesis, being a firm voice for stating that all humans were the product of one creation. He was the President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death in 1877. Brigham Young and William Smith discredited Brotherton's character, and Brotherton herself did not associate with the church afterwards. In such a framework, the message to "not interfere" would be subordinate to the main message: let nothing stand in the way of the Mormon-Paiute alliance. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [65] Not all church members followed Young. [12], However, by the time that the express rider delivered Young's letter to Haight, the massacre at Mountain Meadows had already taken place. Brigham Young and the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Young's belated message to Isaac C. Haight, acting commander of the Iron County Brigade. [33] He oversaw the finishing of the Kirtland temple and spoke in tongues at its dedication in 1836. [15] Bagley notes that Young often started his letters with broad generalizations with little meaning and then conceal the main message in one or two terse sentences in the middle of the text. Young's siblings and their spouses were baptized that year or the year afterwards. [19] According to Lee, he informed Young that the Mormons were responsible. ", invoking the name of the late Joseph Smith Jr, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. [106] The Young Women organization was first called the Retrenchment Association, and was intended to promote the turning of young girls away from the costly and extravagant ways of the world. There are no other trains going south that I know of[.] [150] On September 2, 1877, Young's funeral was held in the Tabernacle with an estimated 12,000 to 15,000 people in attendance. Marisa Tafoya Media. [42] Young and the other apostles directed the church's missionary work and the immigration of new converts from this point forward. He said his son's injuries were caused by an uncontrolled dog at the Crossroads Dog Park. Young's leadership style has been viewed as autocratic. At Lee's sentencing, as required by Utah Territory statute, he was given the option of being hung, shot, or beheaded, and he chose to be shot. The LDS Church's Doctrine and Covenants contains one section from Young that has been canonized as scripture, added in 1876. Over the course of his nearly 40 years teaching at Brigham Young, Mr. Woodworth has served as an adviser for unofficial student beard clubs on several occasions. [14], In Blood of the Prophets, Mormon historian William Bagley echoes David White's conclusion that the letter does not absolve Young of any wrongdoing. [81], After three years of leading the church as the President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Young reorganized a new First Presidency and was sustained as the second president of the church on December 27, 1847 at Winter Quarters. [101] Young viewed education as a process of learning how to make the Kingdom of God a reality on earth, and at the core of his "philosophy of education" was the belief that the church had within itself all that was necessary to save mankind materially, spiritually, and intellectually. [37] He became the oldest member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles when David Patten died after the Battle of Crooked River. By the summer of 1877, Young's health was in decline, but he continued to play an active role in the Mormon church up until the end. [23] In 1870, Young excommunicated some of the participants, including Haight and Lee, from the LDS Church. [44], During his time in Nauvoo, Joseph Smith introduced the doctrine of plural marriage among church leaders. [110], Though polygamy was practiced by Young's predecessor, Joseph Smith,[111] the practice is often associated with Young. After marrying Abigail, John Young settled in Massachusetts. [11] After his rest, Haslam picked up the reply from Young and was instructed to return to Cedar City with the letter quickly and not to "spare horseflesh."[11]. [141], When federal officials received reports of widespread and systematic obstruction of federal officials in Utah (most notably judges), U.S. President James Buchanan decided in early 1857 to install a non-Mormon governor. TAMPA, Fla. Acting as his own lawyer, a double-murder defendant opened his death penalty trial by shouting at jurors that he did not attack his girlfriend and disabled daughter. [67], Before departing Nauvoo, Young focused on completing the Nauvoo temple. It's been more than three weeks since the Norfolk Southern Railway train derailed in East Palestine, Ohio, leaking dangerous chemicals into the air, soil and water. Young himself condemned the counterfeiting. Through most of the nineteenth century, the American West was considered the land of opportunity. [23] Young continued to preach in eastern Canada in the spring, and accompanied two Canadian converts to Kirtland in July 1833. Young also served a year-long mission to the United Kingdom. According to Wilford Woodruff, in 1861 Young brought an entourage to Mountain Meadows and suggested that the monument instead read "Vengeance is mine and I have taken a little". [121] The LDS Church has formally repudiated the doctrine as early as 1889,[122] and multiple times since the days of Young. The incident occurred late Saturday afternoon at . After the exterior was completed on December 10, 1845, members received their temple endowments day and night, and Young officiated many of these sessions. [25] After his return to Kirtland, Young did carpentry, painting and glazing work to earn money. History of Brigham Young, entry dated 5 Jan. 1852, in Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDSCA. Decades later, Young's son, who was 13 in 1857, said that he was in the office during that meeting and that he remembered Lee blaming the massacre on the Native Americans. Rigdon became the president of a separate church organization based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and several other potential successors emerged to lead what became other denominations of the movement. [29][30] On May 4, 1835, Young and other apostles went on a mission to the east coast, specifically in Pennsylvania and New York. [83][84] Young and his counselors were again sustained unanimously by church members at a church conference in Salt Lake City in September 1850.[85]. [18] A few days after the massacre, September 29, 1857, Lee briefed Young in Salt Lake City. Following her death, he moved with his father to Tyrone, New York. He also authorized the construction of the Utah Central railroad line, which connected Salt Lake City to the Union Pacific transcontinental railroad. [24] Lee was executed by firing squad at Mountain Meadows on March 23, 1877. The young couple with their empathy-based conservatism are well-positioned to spend another six years in the state's capital. With Tyrone Power, Linda Darnell, Dean Jagger, Brian Donlevy. Brigham Young served as president until his death on August 29, 1877. Young was involved in temple building throughout his membership in the LDS Church, making it a priority during his time as church president. In his will, Young shared his estate with the sixteen surviving wives who had lived with him; the six surviving non-conjugal wives were not mentioned in the will. [22] During the visit, Brigham spoke in a tongue that Smith identified as the "Adamic language". In this case, the "real message" would have been that the Indians should be left to "do as they please." [134], During 1856 and 1857, a period of renewed emphasis on spirituality within the church known as the Mormon Reformation took place under Young's direction. Source: Jeffery Ogden Johnson, "Determining and Defining `Wife': The . On August 29, 1877, Brigham Young died in Salt Lake City at. The affidavit was created at John C. Bennett's request, after his excommunication and in conjunction with his distribution of false information combined with true information about the church's practice of polygamy. Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University. Prosecutors in New York City are investigating an incident in which a jazz musician said his 14-year-old son was attacked by a woman who falsely accused him of taking her iPhone. Young was born shortly after his return. Brigham Young was also played by Terence Stamp in the 2007 film September Dawn. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. It was only after the fact, and after the end of the Civil War, that Young slowly realized just how mistaken his hope in a sudden Millennium was: the perpetrators of the MMM were being sought by the Federal courts. "Two missionaries of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, serving in the Colombia Cali mission were the victims of a robbery and assault. [25][26] Prior to his execution, Lee claimed that he was a scapegoat for others involved: I have always believed, since that day, that General George A. Smith was then visiting Southern Utah to prepare the people for the work of exterminating Captain Fancher's train of emigrants, and I now believe that he was sent for that purpose by the direct command of Brigham Young. [82] Young named Heber C. Kimball as his first counselor and Willard Richards as his second. Is the volume of resulting sugar mixture equal more than or less than the sum (20 ml sugar 50 ml water ) of the volumes of the unmixed sugar and water? Young had many nicknames during his lifetime, among the most popular being "American Moses"[156] (alternatively, "Modern Moses" or "Mormon Moses"),[157][158] because, like the biblical figure, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, in an exodus through a desert, to what they saw as a promised land. The item provides genealogical information concerning Brigham Young's wives, children, and grandchildren. "[189], Mark Twain devoted a chapter and much of two appendices to Young in Roughing It. Lyon, T. Edgar (1989). A polygamist, Young had at least 56 wives and 57 children. 27 on the list. [2] His last words were "Joseph! [153], Young was also involved in the organization of the Salt Lake Gas Works, the Salt Lake Water Works, an insurance company, a bank, and the ZCMI store in downtown Salt Lake City. Young believed that Lee's punishment was just but not a sufficient blood atonement, given the enormity of the crime, to allow Lee entrance into the celestial kingdom. "[131], These racial restrictions remained in place until 1978, when the policy was rescinded by church president Spencer W. Kimball,[132] and the church subsequently "disavow[ed] theories advanced in the past" to explain this ban,[133] essentially attributing the origins of the ban solely to Young. "[13], Historians debate whether the Haight letter absolves Young of any complicity. He also helped organize the local forensic and oratorical society. From the time Spencer Cox announced his run for governor, he made it clear he was running with his wife. He used tobacco but did not drink alcohol. Brigham Young wasn't the only latter-day prophet to have such close experiences with death. [86][87] He was sworn in by Justice Daniel H. Wells for a salary of $1,500 a year, and named as superintendent of Indian Affairs for an additional $1,000. There is no debate concerning the involvement of individual Mormons from the surrounding communities by scholars. "[20], When Young sent his report on the massacre to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs in 1858, he said that it was the work of Native Americans.[21]. Brigham Young tried to stop the massacre. The religion had undergone a period of intense conflict with non-Mormons in the American midwest, and faithful Mormons made solemn oaths to pray for vengeance upon those who killed the "prophets" including founder Joseph Smith, and more recently apostle Parley P. Pratt, who was murdered in April 1857 while traveling as a missionary in Arkansas. If only they wanted it. [7] Young moved to Auburn, New York where he was an apprentice to John C. Jeffries. Researchers note that not all of the fifty-six marriages were conjugal. Mrs. Lawton was the second of the ten Alexander children, of whom the sixth was the late Gen. Edward Porter Alexander, chief of artillery, Longstreet's Corps, C. S. A., president . [54][55] In March 1844, Brigham Young was an inaugural member of the Council of Fifty, which later organized the Mormon exodus from Nauvoo. These wives bore him children after they moved to Utah. As governor and church president, Young directed both religious and economic matters. A CONFESSION etched on a newly discovered lead sheet has shaken the Mormon Church by linking its revered leader, Brigham Young, with one of the worst massacres in American history. Provo, UT 84602, USA 801 . . [167][168][169] There is also evidence to suggest Young believed in the racial superiority of white men. Mary Ann, who was pregnant at the time, had provided for Young's two daughters and the children of her brother Solomon Angell and their friend Lorenzo Booth while Young was away with Zion's Camp. Historians still debate the autonomy and precise roles of local Cedar City LDS Church officials in ordering the massacre and Young's concealing of evidence in its aftermath. 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? James H. Haslam, interview by S. A. Kenner, reported by Josiah Rogerson, 4 December 1884, typescript, 11, in Josiah Rogerson, Transcripts and Notes of John D. Lee Trials, LDS Church Archives. While there, Young's father remarried to a widow named Hannah Brown, and sent Young off to learn a trade. [62][63][64] Young began acting as the church's president afterwards, though he did not yet have a full presidency. Lee was arrested on November 7, 1874. In Mendon, Young first became acquainted with Heber C. Kimball, an early member of the LDS Church. One of the comments on this movie was that Joseph Smith had appointed his son, Joseph Smith Jr., to be the next prophet which has been a topic of debate since the death of Joseph Smith. [5] Young received little formal education, but his mother taught him how to read and write. In the story line, the Tugwell family, Jason (Ben Cooper), Ellie (Emily Banks), and Mary (Erin Moran), are abandoned by their guide while on a wagon train from Utah to California. 3 (Fall 1987), pp. The Mountain Meadows Massacre victimized several groups of emigrants from the northwestern Arkansas region who had started their treks to California in early 1857, joining along the way and becoming known as the BakerFancher party. [4], Young was born on June 1, 1801, in Whitingham, Vermont. He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), from 1847 until his death in 1877. During his time as church president, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, west from Nauvoo, Illinois, to the Salt Lake Valley. But over time, Young's perspective shifted. Wikimedia Commons. [190], Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., talking about his fondness of trees, joked in his The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table: "I call all trees mine that I have put my wedding-ring on, and I have as many tree-wives as Brigham Young has human ones."[191]. [Joseph Smith] was succeeded by one of the outstanding organizers of the 19th century, Brigham Young. Mormon historian Juanita Brooks believes that the letter demonstrates that Young "did not order the massacre, and would have prevented it if he could. [58][59] Several claimants to the role of church president emerged during the succession crisis that ensued. Under his leadership, members in the United Kingdom began publishing Millennial Star, a hymnal, and a new edition of the Book of Mormon. [163] In the 1840s, Young strove to keep aloof from nationwide political debates over slavery, avoiding committing to either antislavery or proslavery positions. [1][2] Evidence as to whether or not Young ordered the attack on the migrant column is conflicted. As part of the Reformation, almost all "active" or involved LDS Church members were rebaptized as a symbol of their commitment. Young claimed access to revelation to know God's choice of successor because of his position as an apostle. A musket ball intended to dispatch John Taylor's life was instead deflected off of his pocket watch. should serve the seed of Abraham; he should not be a ruler, nor vote for men to rule over me nor my brethren. Spoke in a tongue that Smith identified as the `` Adamic language '' which connected Salt City. 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