The closer you are to a person, the more acceptable it is to decline their offers of tea, coffee, food, etc. I found myself in a large building with several rooms, each of which was reserved for a deceased person. [10] This has reference to washing the body of the deceased. Professional female mourners are called in and the men receive their friends once more. [11] A Muslim ritual of purification performed before entering the Mosque. This is related to the concept of rahmah, mercy, or charity. A green palm leaf is a symbol of mercy. But the mourning period continues for forty days. First, however, I would like to share with you my impressions, as a Middle Easterner, of my first experience with an American funeral, which took place in Salt Lake City. But most women stay home and wait for the funeral party to return. For example, if we take Europe as a whole, its people meet death and behave differently from the people of the Middle East. The family was standing in line, friends were also standing in line, so I stood in line. Everybody knows this is the casket of so-and-so and so-and-so. Arthur Jeffery, an authority on Islam, gives a number of accounts regarding death and the hereafter. However, what was even more shocking to me was the spirit in which the family received me. [28] This is elaborated in Frazers classic work, The Golden Bough. I have relied on these latter books through this presentation, but I have not sought to cite page numbers in every instance, except when quoting from passages in the Quran. Unfortunately the Embassy has no funds to assist in the payment of burial costs or the cost of returning remains to the U.S. Each major . Such a belief caused me to ponder and to ask myself why we receive death completely differently in the Middle East than in the West? On your leisure before you are busily occupied, means that by night one is at leisure but by day is busily occupied, therefore one ought to say prayers at night during the period of his leisure and fast by day. Next they wash the sides of the body, then the back and the rest of the body, gently, because life has just departed and the body is still warm and sensitive to pain. I dont know how they do it now, when a pound of coffee costs five dollars, but tradition requires that the family, whether poor or rich must serve black coffeevery thick and very fine. Each person walks in the street carrying a palm leaf. An interesting story about death is narrated by Al-Bara ibn cAzib, one of the companions of the Prophet: I came out with the Prophet at the funeral of one of the assistants, and we arrived just at the grave, before they had interred the body, and the Prophet sat down, and we sat around him with our heads down, and were so silent that you might say that birds were sitting upon our heads. Encourage patient to continue daily prayers. By Allah, O Muhammed, did I desire to take the spirit of a gnat I could not do it till Allah gave me commandment to take it., It is related that the Apostle of Allah said: Did the animals [i.e. One or two ropes are tied around the middle . [32] The women lock the room where the body is kept, stay in the living room, and begin to wail so that everybody in the neighborhood will know that somebody in this house died and a funeral is pending. So he went to Shems grave, prayed a prayer of two rakcas, and made supplication to Allahexalted be Hewhereupon Allah raised to life Shem the son of Noah, and lo, his head and beard had gone white. Instead of a casket, a flat board platform is used, held up by four assigned pallbearers and four volunteers. So a youth in the period of his youthfulness ought to become accustomed to doing good deeds and then doing good deeds will be easy for him when he becomes old. So if you attend a death ceremony of a practicing Hindu, it is likely the body will be cremated. If a Christian dies in the Middle East, he is kept only until the undertaker arrives and takes care of the body. This tent stays up for three days and then is dismantled. Exhort dying person to make the Islamic declaration of faith. "After the war, and after the emigration, people are no more attached to . The aforementioned details show clearly that in Islam afterlife for good men is something to look forward to. [25] Sura LXXXIII, 1821. Like King Tut, whose funerary remains are moving around the United States these days, the body was mummified because the Egyptians wanted the body to still be alive in the tomb. Death. They spend Christmas and Easter in the tomb sitting in the home. The katb Al-kitaab is the marriage ceremony. In Judaism, life is valued above almost all else.The Talmud notes that, since all mankind is descended from a single person, taking a life is like destroying an entire world while saving a life is like saving an entire world.. Death, however, is not viewed as a tragedy, even when it occurs early in . In that period, many young men died before marrying and having the chance to procreate. Light a candle, this represents a sacred held space or the start of the ritual/ceremony. When a loved one dies in Aboriginal society in Australia's Northern Territory, elaborate rituals begin. As religion theorist J.Z . One such ritual is henna night, where the bride's hands are decorated with intricate henna designs. After meeting him, Allah will pour out upon him His grace and give bountifully of His gifts. Surmah is applied to the eyes with a tent made of rolled up paper with a ring or with a pice. It is opened to them and the chief personages in each heaven receive it and accompany it to that which lies beyond it, till finally they arrive with it at the seventh heaven. Then the Angel of Death draws it out as hot spit is drawn out of wet wool. The Muslims go to the tomb every Thursday. What have you done about giving Him His due?, What Allah has willed, answered the Prophet, And do you know death?. Ritual for Holding the Emotions of a Person Facing Death. The woman brings a group with their drums, and they begin to eulogize the beautiful characteristics of the deceased. +91-9879950702 Monday - Friday 10:00 - 7:30 Rakhiyal, Ahmedabad, Gujarat . There is another interesting sign of death and dying in the Middle East. They answer such an one, the son of such an one, and they mention him by the worst names that he bore in the world, till they arrive with it at the lowest heaven, and call the door to be opened, but it cannot be done., Then the Prophet repeated this verse: The doors of the celestial regions shall not be opened for them, nor shall they enter into Paradise till a camel passes through the eye of a needle. Whether it is Indian, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan or Pakistani, a Muslim wedding in South Asia is sure to be a beautiful and celebratory affair. Doesnt he look wonderful? These and other things were said in a joyful spirit. I located the mortuary and went there. Let us, therefore, ask Allah to appoint us a good ending, to grant us an ending that is accompanied by a message of good tidings, for there is a message of good tidings from Allahexalted be Hefor the true believer when death comes to him, and it is the words of the Most High. Osiris reigned in the world of the dead over the ka or soul of the dead. After the funeral and burial are complete, families . First, a smoking ceremony is held in the loved one's living area to drive away their spirit. Religion of Syria. When the faqih pauses in his recitations, one group moves on and as he resumes, another group comes in. 3. [1] Hughes' Dictionary of Islam (London, 1885), 7981. But before the burial the body must be washed. Hopefully this will serve to give you a better understanding of ways in which the traditions of the Middle East differ from those practiced in the United States, particularly among the Mormon people. In different religions with different beliefs, traditions, and rituals, sending funeral flowers to the bereaved family is appropriate. [26] These are Munkar and Nakir, the blue-eyed questioners of the dead. When the family is endowed with a brilliant or famous man, there are sometimes special inscriptions. 2. The Prophet spoke clearly about the distress and bitterness of dying as a word of wholesome advice to his community. If a youth becomes accustomed to doing deeds of disobedience, he cannot refrain from them in his later years. In all cases, the death of an American citizen, whether resident or tourist in Lebanon, should be reported to the Embassy's Consular Section in Beirut. Further at Sais, the suffering of Osiris was enacted yearly and images of Osiris were filled with grain and placed with the dead person as symbols of fertility and eternal life. I wanted, of course, to express my condolences to him but learned that such condolences are expressed in a mortuary. It is believed that one must be clean before entering the Kingdom of Heaven. Some people in rural areas get black mascara and put it on their faces, forehead, and hands so that everyone will immediately see that they are in mourning. Men only go outside. 7. It's also important to prepare the body for the funeral as quickly as possible. [16]. They said: What is this? Jean Bouchebel. Look how nice he is. The body cannot even stay overnight. Although religious activity and behaviors (e.g., prayer) are not consistently associated with less death anxiety or grief, the integrity of specific religious beliefs may play a greater role (Fortner, Neimeyer, & Rybarczyk, 2000). It is clearly taught in the Quran, which is read by several hundred million Muslims all over the globe, that The hour of death is fixed for every living creature. There are many references in the Holy Quran about death. These women are very fiery and emotional. But that was not the case. I know not., They ask, Well, what do you say about this man who was sent [on a mission] among you? But again he replies, Alas! Each issue focuses on a specific topic. The washers never throw water into the nostrils or mouth but clean them with wicks of cloth or cotton. It is of no consequence if a colored cloth is spread over the bier. Dying is widely connected with religious and philosophical beliefs, and with elaborate rituals. Food is crucial. Beirut and Damascus, Syria. It is therefore best that those sitting with the dying person read it, in hopes that the sick man, hearing the sound of it, may bring it to his recollection and repeat it either aloud or in his own mind. After the funeral or after the fortieth day, this cloth is given to the faqir [15] who resides in the burying-ground or to any other person deserving of charity. Dirt is thrown over him and burial is complete. The left hand of the deceased is placed on the chest. Then Ayishah said: Truly we all dislike death and consider it a great affliction. The Prophet replied: Thou dost not understand me. If a bad man, he should be speedily buried so that his unhappy lot will not fall upon others in the house, and so that the relatives of the deceased may not, by holding the corpse, weep too much or go without food. Four or five days before a sick mans dissolution, he makes his will in favor of his son or any other person in the presence of two or more witnesses and either delivers this will to others or retains it. 1860 Mount Lebanon civil war. There Allah says, Write its record in cIlliyun [25] and return it to the earth from which I created men, into which I make them return, and out of which I shall bring them a second time. (Sura, xx, 55/57), The spirit is then returned to its body, whereupon two angels [26] come to it and ask it, Who is the Lord?, Then they say, And what say you about this man who was sent [on a mission] among you?, And it answers, He is the Apostle of Allah., And it answers, I have read Allahs Book, believed it, and in it put my trust., Then a herald will call: He has believed My servant (i.e. As soon as a Muslim person dies, it's customary to close the eyes, bind the jaw and cover the body with a clean sheet. If you dont drink it, its a serious insult to the deceased. Then angels follow it through each heaven, the angel of one heaven to those of the next, and so on till it reaches the seventh heaven, when God says, Write the name of my servant in cIlliyun, and return him towards the earth, that is, to his body which is buried in the earth, because I have created man from earth and return him to it, and will bring him out from it again as I brought him out at first., Then the souls are returned into their bodies, when two angels [Munkar and Nakir] come to the dead man and cause him to sit up, and say to him, Who is the Lord?, Then they say, What is this man who is sent to you? (i.e., the Prophet), Then they say, What is your proof of his mission?, He says, I read the book of God and believed in it, and I proved it to be true., Then a voice calls out from the celestial regions, My servant hath spoken true, therefore throw for him a bed from Paradise, and dress him in clothes from Paradise, [2] and open a door for him towards Paradise., Then peace and perfumes come for him from Paradise, and his grave is enlarged for him as far as the eye can see. Spread for him a bed (firash) from the Garden. Whenever a believer comes to die a messenger of good tidings (bashir) [18] will appear, bringing to him from Allahexalted be Henews of the good to which he is going, so there will be nothing for which he has greater loving desire than for the meeting with Allahexalted be Heand Allah will have a loving desire to meet with him. Food, Meals and Sympathy Baskets. The body is cleaned well so that no offensive smell remains. She would also say, " Hek khabaretne sette " (that's . This article investigates the relationship be-tween grief and music in the context of the Lebanese village funeral, taking into A civil war between Druze and Christians in Mount Lebanon where large massacres of Christians at Deir al-Qamar, Hasbaya, Rashaya and elsewhere took place. The ceremonies attending the death of a Muslim are described by Jafir Sharif in Herklots Qanun-i-Islam, Islamic Law page 80. They make a big loaf of bread, and give it to poor peoplewho know that this is the day the Christians go to their tombs, and ask for it as charity. Finally the family places a flower-sheet or wreath of flowers on the corpse. [Go on] to Allahs contempt and punishment. When his spirit has been drawn forth and placed in those coals, which hiss like boiling kettles, the cloth is folded over and sent with it to Sijjin.. Ever since European archaeologists began excavating in Egypt in the 18th and 19th centuries CE, the ancient culture has been largely associated with death.Even into the mid-20th century CE reputable scholars were still writing on the death-obsessed Egyptians whose lives were lacking in play and without joy. -embraces a wide variety of approaches to the analytical study of the musics of the world, including indigenous methodologies, post-colonial, critical and queer perspectives and different indigenous methodologies. In this, it provides scholars from a multiplicity of academic backgrounds a forum for the discussion of musics from around the world, their dynamics and their many meanings, manifested in a variety of ever changing forms ranging from highly particular and localized systems of musical thinking in traditional musics to global (musical) cultural flows and consumption. He may wear it for years, depending how dear or how close the dead person was to him. People are never buried underground. Another thing that can vary across cultures is the beliefs about embalming. 10 Customs Only Lebanese People Will Understand. Then the Angel of Death takes the soul of the infidel, and having taken it, the angels do not allow it to remain with him even for the twinkling of an eye, but they take it in the sackcloth, and a disagreeable smell issues from the soul, like that of the most fetid carcass that can be met with upon the face of the earth. Then what have you done in preparation for it? asked the Prophet. The color of the shroud is to be white; no other is admissible. 17 we learn that death is not a single thing: According to the Traditions, as depicted by Hughes account, [1] Muhammed was taught that it is sinful to wish for death: According to Islamic tradition, one day the Prophet said: Whosoever loves to meet God, God will love to meet him, and whosoever dislikes to meet God, God will dislike to meet him. Anon they come with it to the gate of the lowest heaven and ask that it be opened for it. The predominant religion is Islam. Even as late as in Egyptian Christianity, some forms are still easily identified. As Lebanon is a relatively new country, there aren't many traditions that the Lebanese can truly call their own. The Coptic or Christian cemetery is really amazing. The meaning of disinclined when used in reference to Allahs relations with a man is that Allah puts the man far from His mercy, and wills his punishment. Commentators on the Quran and expositors of the Traditions and divines have written that the sound resembled that produced by the repeating of the Surat Ya Sin; it is therefore advisable to read at the hour of death this chapter from the Quran for tranquilizing the soul. His spirit is painfully dragged out, and hears the words, O thou pernicious soul, come forth displeased and displeasing. The body was preserved so that the soul would not also die as a result of the dismemberment of the body. By Allah, we are doing him no injustice. [18] The two words bashir and nadhir, used in this Tradition, are said to have become technical terms in pre-Islamic Mecca, the bashir being the announcer of good news of a caravans safe arrival, and the nadhir being the announcer of the bad news that a caravan had been lost. And they say, Such a one, the son of such a one, calling him by the best names by which he was known in the world, till they reach the lowest region of heaven with him. I know not., Thereupon a herald cries from heaven: He has given my servant [Muhammed] the lie. Here, it is important for . Flowers in the Middle East are still considered a sign of joy, but a palm leaf is not so joyful. Before shrouding the body, the family tears shreds from the clothes. Each Egyptian burial was made out to be an exact duplicate of the god-burial. To such the angels will descend (at death), and they will say to the angels: Man was created for death. Gamali means "my camel.". In a firmly established practice of The World of Music, high-profile guest editors are invited to design issues and see them through the entire preparation process. A Jewish friend recited the Mourners' Kaddish. The first is the vigil service, or the Trisagion, which is usually performed at the church . Caretaker finance minister Youssef Khalil requested to change the rate at which customs fees are calculated from 15,000 pounds per U.S. dollar to 45,000 pounds, according to . But, continued the Prophet, when an infidel dies and is about to pass from the world and bring his soul to futurity, black-faced angels [3] come down to him and with them sackcloths. The idea of paradisiacal clothing is also known among members of the Mormon faith. Why do men wear black ties and women black garments? The deceased is taken from the board and placed in the hole. Then a man with a beautiful face comes to him, elegantly dressed and perfumed, and he says, Be joyful in that which hath made thee so; this is the day which was promised thee., Then the dead person says to him, Who art thou, for thy face is perfectly beautiful., And the man replies, I am thy good deeds., Then the dead person cries out, O Lord, hasten the resurrection for my sake!. Likewise, a healthy person can carry effectively through matters which concern his property or his person; therefore, a healthy person ought to seize the opportunity his health gives him to be diligent in using his property and his body for doing deeds of obedience. For the Lebanese, the cake symbolizes fertility and is said to manifest sweetness for the couple's life together as newlyweds. This is . However, that can sometimes be overwhelming and having a baby is definitely one of those times. To us the whole idea is entirely different. They are not to go outside. Islamic tradition supports the idea that When Allah loves a man He keeps him busy with himself. That His loving them precedes their loving Him is indicated in the Quran. They wash the corpse with warm or cold water, raising the body gently and rubbing the abdomen four or five times. [31] There is no serious research on the burial customs of the Copts in Egypt. Here are 10+ of the oldest, funniest, and most confusing Lebanese traditions. The traditional mourning period to honor and remember a deceased Muslim is three days. Place bed to face Mecca where possible. Why do we cry and scream for at least a year? [8] For this reason the Prophet said that the sooner a good man is buried, the more quickly he will reach heaven. Photo credit: japantimes.co.jp. Thus he takes it, but it is not in his hand more than the twinkling of an eye ere [those angels] take it, put it in the hair-cloth where the odor from it is like the stench of a decomposing carcass. Sami A. Hanna, Death and Dying in the Middle East, in Deity & Death, ed. You have no cause for discontent with us, and we are going to return for you, so let him who will beware, beware, for there are no dwellers whether in hair tents or in villages, whether on land or on sea, but we examine their faces five times daily and at night, so that I know them both small and great, know them individually. Grief should be processed with . In Islam, the deceased are to be buried within 24 hours. As for the unbeliever, when he draws near his end, angels come to him with a cloth of hair in which are coals of fire. Out Of Many Cultures: The People Who Came - The Lebanese . The Lebanese are extremely proud of the amount of cultural heritage they share. [21] Sakrat al-mawt is another of the many expressions for the agony of death, or the last moments before death. Evidence of funeral dances continued into the Thirtieth Dynasty more than 3,000 years later. It is related that there is no soul, innocent or wicked, to which death is not a good thing. As part of this belief, Muslim funerals and burials are usually held as soon as possible after . After sunset, all the clan stand outside the tent on chairs, there receiving the condolences of others. Presently he raised his head and said: Seek refuge with Allah from the torment of the tomb., This he said twice or thrice, and then went on: When a man who is a true believer is drawing near to the next world and is about to be cut off from this world, there descend to him angels whose faces are white as the sun, bringing with them a shroud from Paradise and celestial aromatics, and take a seat at his head and say, O thou tranquil soul, come forth to Allahs favour and forgiveness.. When he is about to expire, any learned reader of the Quran is sent for and requested to repeat, with a loud voice, Surat Ya Sin (or Chapter 36 in the Quran), in order that the spirit of the man, by the hearing of its sound, may experience an easy concentration. But when he was eight years old, his father . system, an inner piety or disposition, or ritual practices (Wulff, 1997). Some brides in Baalbek stick a piece of dough on the doors of their new houses. They ask him, Who is your Lord? and he replies, Alas, I know not., They ask him, And what is your religion? to which he again replies, Alas! Female relatives of the deceased return home where other women come to deliver their condolences. 4241 Jutland Dr #202, San Diego, CA 92117. Katb Al-kitaab. If they slow down, they are urged by relatives of the dead to pick up the tempo. Lebanon is all about extended family, and it is that very importance places on the value of family that gives it that warm and welcoming aura you don't find everywhere else. We have not accelerated his fate, so what sin are we committing in taking him? Immediately after death a family member contacts one of these women. When the family visits the house, they prepare rahmah. One of them was the tradition of cremating the deceased.Over the years, new concepts about the afterlife emerged, such as the Jodo (), the Pure Land of the West, a kind of paradise headed by Buddha Amida.. But rejoice in good tidings of the Garden which ye have been promised.. Whether you are poor or rich, this is one of the necessities of a bona fide Muslim funeral. These customs and habits are always followed during times of mourning, whether you are poor or rich, whether you live in a village or in a city. A withdrawing from the abode of the illusory, a coming back to the abode of the eternal, and a making preparation for death before it comes upon one.. During these funeral rites men wear black ties. After viewing the deceased in his half-open casket, I returned home wondering how death in America, at least in this Mormon setting, could be received with such joy and happiness. Typically, people say prayers and scriptures during a wake, and often, they share special memories . There is segregation in Egyptian funeral rites. The Prophet continued: But when an unbeliever is drawing near to the next world and being cut off from this world, there descends to him from heaven angels whose faces are black, bringing with them hair-cloth, and take their seats just within his vision. Jeffery also reports that the Prophet once said that He who is disinclined to meet with Allah is one whom Allah is disinclined to meet. In other words, when an unbeliever thinks of the punishment that has been prepared for him, he weeps for his doom and is disinclined to die, so Allah is disinclined to meet with him. By Allah, though I died ninety years ago the bitterness of dying [19] has not left me till this moment. What about Pre-Islamic Egyptian beliefs and practices concerning death? In the case of a deceased female, if relatives are present, they undo the cloth of the head to expose the face and ask the dead person, in the presence of two witnesses, to remit the dowry which had been given her. He goes on to share that "a tradition popular in Bangladesh and parts of India is the Gaye Holud. It went in a second time, beheld the light, saw the whole dwelling and said, There is no pleasing sound here for me to listen to. It is generally understood from the best works of the mystics of the East that it was because of this circumstance that the Almighty created music. 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