2000- 2023 Swyrich Corporation, all rights reserved. Actress Lara Flynn Boyle. Most Junaskas Ive found have been Slovaks. Accessed 18 April, 2023. Lara means citadel, lovely, larch and seagull (from Larissa) or laurel (from Laura). View Social Security Death Index (SSDI) for Lara. She worked at the CBS television news program Inside Edition. This page or section lists people that share the same, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lara_(name)&oldid=1137316718, Lara Boi, titular character of the Croatian television series, Lara-Su, Knuckle's future daughter from the. The meaning of Lara is "Shining". 'Porras!' is also used as an idiomatic expression meaning 'Go to the Devil'. Discover the most common names, oldest records and life expectancy of people with the last name Lara. NameCensus.com. Luke Max Yunaska on the 1940 U.S. Census https://familysearch.org, Genealogy of Laras paternal great-grandfather, Edgar George Shealer http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com, Genealogy of Laras paternal great-great-grandfather, George Washington Shealer http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com, Genealogies of Laras paternal great-grandmother, Marion R. Plank https://familysearch.org Lara gained the most popularity as a baby name in 1967, when it's usage went up by 407.38%. They are optimists who lose fortune with a smile on their face and earn big money without much effort. The below race categories are the modified race categories used in the Census Bureau's population estimates program. Net worth: $16 million. Fictional Character named Lara. Within census records, you can often find information like name of household members, ages, birthplaces, residences, and occupations. Lara, in ancient Egyptian mythology, means sun ray, coming from Ra, the god of sun. Passenger lists are your ticket to knowing when your ancestors arrived in the USA, and how they made the journey - from the ship name to ports of arrival and departure. Zhivagho from Roman Pasternak, The biological mother of Clark Kent, aka Superman, is called. The surname Lara hides the experience accumulated by previous generations and ancestors. This is the reason that it is seen to be used as de Lara, meaning "of Lara" in a few cases. The spelling of names may have changed over the centuries. They are largely reproduced from 3rd party sources; diligence is advised on accepting their validity -, Heatmap: Dark red means there is a higher occurrence of the name, transitioning to light yellow signifies a progressively lower occurrence. From " Lares ", referring to the individual gods of Roman households, the protectors of home and fields. LIARAS; LARAS; de LARAS A short lifespan might also indicate health problems that were once prevalent in your family. (351,418) Most of the surnames, including the surname Lara, came from patronymics (by the baptismal or worldly name of one of the ancestors ), nicknames (by occupation, place of origin, or some -some other feature of the ancestor )or other generic names. Lara Croft - Lara Croft is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the video game franchise Tomb Raider. There are 4,000 military records available for the last name Lara. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); (function() { It has long been established that the spelling of the surname Lara in Russian occurs by adding 2 complex particles LA + RA. Adopted from Latin. Learn how your comment data is processed. Another 181 words (13 lines of text) covering the years 1469, 1634, 1167 and 1645 are included under the topic Early Lara History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. 5.67%, or 4,710 total occurrences, were "Non-Hispanic White Only". Place of Birth:Wilmington, North Carolina, U.S. Spanish: habitational name from a place called Lara de los Infantes in Burgos province. 1.14%, or 947 total occurrences, were "Non-Hispanic Asian and Pacific Islander Only". According to the numerology of the surname Lara, one can determine the life path of the family, family well-being, advantages, disadvantages and character of the bearer of the surname. Since we have data from the previous census in 2000, we can also compare the values to see how the popularity of Lara has changed in the 10 years between the two census surveys. All Rights Reserved. Race and Ethnic Origin of People with the Last Name Lara We also have some data on the ancestry of people with the surname Lara. For other potential spellings of this name click here. Gender Feminine. Edgar was the son ofGeorge Washington Shealer and Eleanora Lucinda Ella Kelly. Minnie was the daughter ofRichard L. Clewis/Clewes andMartha Jane Oliver. Porras Name Meaning Spanish: habitational name from Porras a town in Andalusia or a nickname from the plural of porra 'cudgel club' a nickname either for a stockily built person or for a tiresome person. Cheerful. Her powerful and unique voice can be recognized from the very first notes and, of course, her most famous song is Je T'aime. With a 14-day free trial, it's very easy to get started and discover your past! In Russian, the correct spelling of this surname is Lara. July 20, 2016, Trump in 2012, photo by Debby Wong/Bigstock.com. It may also be traced to the Greek Larissa. With over 30 billion (seriously!) rcel.id = 'rc_' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000); NameCensus.com, http://www.journaldesfemmes.com/nom-de-famille/nom/. These are the longest-lived members of the Lara family on AncientFaces. You can see how Lara families moved over time by selecting different census years. Lara is alike in pronunciation to Larae, Laray, Larea, Laree, Laura, Lauri, Lawra, Leeora, Leorah, Liora, Lira, Liri, Lora, Lorah, Loree, Lorey, Loria, Lorie, Lorra, Lorrae, Lorri, Lorry, Lory, Lyra and Lyria. The four-letter surname is an expression of intelligence and practicality. We'll also look at the race and ethnic origin of people in the United States who are named Lara. Download our free baby name app and swipe a wonderful name together with your partner! Further information may be obtained by. de Lara Genealogy and de Lara Family History Information 0.37%, or 307 total occurrences, were "Non-Hispanic Black Only". William Lara Born 1853 Chico M Lara Born c. 1855 Ellen Lara 1863 - 1866 Elena Lara Sep 25, 1873 - Nov 1974 Blanca Lara Nov 30, 1875 - Aug 1978 Jose Lara Apr 16, 1876 - Jul 1970 Maria M Lara Aug 2, 1876 - Aug 15, 1970 Belen Lara Jan 12, 1877 - Jan 1965 Lara Family Members Add Aaron - Alacario Lara Alba - Alonzo Lara Alphonse - Andre Lara Best surnames, most popular last names with name Lra. [1] However, in France, the name Lara is ranked the 5,118th most popular surname with an estimated 1,000 - 1,500 people with that name. A 2014articlein theNew York Postwrote: The couple [Eric and Lara Trump], who have been together for six years, wed under a crystal-embellished chuppa in a ceremony officiated by Ivanka Trumps husband, Jared Kushner. 71,445 In Mexico Lara is mostly found in: Mxico, where 12 percent are found, Veracruz, where 11 percent are found and Guanajuato, where 8 percent are found. Surnames are taken as the first part of an person's inherited family name, caste, clan name or in some cases patronymic, Descriptions may contain details on the name's etymology, origin, ethnicity and history. 1973), Dominican Republic judoka, Osvaldo Lara (b. Accessed on April 18, 2023. https://namecensus.com/last-names/lara-surname-popularity/. See the popularity of the baby girl's name Lara over time, plus its meaning, origin, common sibling names, and more in BabyCenter's Baby Names tool. Lara is a Girl name, meaning Cheerful, light hearted, Protection in finnish origin. Are there famous people from the Lara family? As in 2023, Lara Latex's age is 48 years. var referer="";try{if(referer=document.referrer,"undefined"==typeof referer||""==referer)throw"undefined"}catch(exception){referer=document.location.href,(""==referer||"undefined"==typeof referer)&&(referer=document.URL)}referer=referer.substr(0,700); Between 1965 and 1969 it increased by almost 2,000 percent in the United States, however it is currently much more popular in the United . We don't have any alternate spellings or pronunciation information on the Lara name. ASSOCIATED WITH roman, cheerful (joy), greek, russia, surname, VARIANTS Laralaine, Laramae, Larina, Larinda, Larita, Larra, ALTERNATIVE FORMS VIA LARISSA Lari, Larisa, Laryssa, Lissa, Lyssa, Lara is a very popular first name for women (#695 out of 4276, Top 16%) and also a very popular last name for both adults and children (#501 out of 150436, Top 1%). Lara Croft is the main protagonist of the Tomb Raider franchise. Lara and Eric have two children. . Diminutive form of Larisa/Larissa, meaning "cheerful." Also a Spanish surname for people from Lara de los Infantes, a small community in the province of Burgos, Spain. Family of noble lineage descending from Amalarico and other Gothic kings and therefore from counts of Castile. The average life expectancy for Lara in 1943 was 39, and 69 in 2004. Surnames appeared in different social strata at different times. We spent a lot of time downloading, cleaning, merging, and formatting the data that is shown on the site. de Lara Genealogy, de Lara Family History Start your family tree now Is your surname de Lara? Larissa (#1500 A YEAR AGO), Lala, Larisa, Larita, Lissa and Lyssa are the popular varying forms of Lara (#757) listed in the Top 2000. Clicking on selected countries will show mapping at a regional level, Rank: Name are ranked by incidence using the ordinal ranking method; the name that occurs the most is assigned a rank of 1; name that occur less frequently receive an incremented rank; if two or more name occur the same number of times they are assigned the same rank and successive rank is incremented by the total preceeding names, Ethnic group cannot necessarily be determined by geographic occurrence, Similar: Names listed in the "Similar" section are phonetically similar and may not have any relation to Lara, To find out more about this surname's family history, lookup records on FamilySearch, MyHeritage, FindMyPast and Ancestry. It determines the fate of a person, the main character traits and the most significant events. Feminine form of the Late Latin name Laurus, which meant "laurel". Lara Political Affiliationin United States, View the most partisan surnames in The United States. It can be used as a short form of the name Larissa or derived from the Latin word lcre, meaning "to shine". These estates were apparently obtained by the marriage of the Knight of Loraine to the del . This was about 71% of all the recorded Lara's in USA. In the United States, the name Lara is the 678th most popular surname with an estimated 42,279 people with that name. *We display top occupations by gender to maintain their historical accuracy during times when men and women often performed different jobs. 32,767 birth records, View It is also the 2,962nd most prevalent first name in the world, borne by 351,418 people. She was a talkative water nymph, who were called Lala and then transformed into the mute underworld deity Tacita. Lara Latex was born in England, United Kingdom. "Lara" comes from the Basque word "aro" with the "L" added on. Girl name origins & meanings. Most of the surnames, including the surname Lara, came from patronymics (by the baptismal or worldly name of one of the ancestors ), nicknames (by occupation, place of origin, or some -some other feature of the ancestor )or other generic names. Lara as a girls' name is pronounced LAR-ah. Laras maternal grandmother was named Dorothy Page Moore. See Terms of Use for details. What's Trending: 150 Cute Nicknames for Your Baby Girl. Are there famous people from the Lara family? After analyzing the meaning of each letter in the surname Lara, you can understand its essence and hidden meaning. Lara is a Spanish habitational surname that came from Lara de los Infantes , a small but important community in the province of Burgos. Slovak (paternal grandfather), English, German, distant Swiss-German, Genealogy of her great-grandfather http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=PED&db=rudspons&id=I67813&style=TABLE, Genealogy of her great-great-grandfather http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=PED&db=stobie&id=I26857&style=TABLE. This was about 71% of all the recorded Lara's in USA. Variants of last name. Bablah, do you know which language the text on the gravestone is in (Slovak or Czech probably)? Are you sure you want to delete this item from your shopping cart? I dont think it is Hungarian. In 1840 there were 5 Lara families living in New York. For the veterans among your Lara ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions. The history of the surname Lara has several hundred years. . The most recent statistics we have for the Lara surname is from the 2010 census data. Between 1943 and 2004, in the United States, Lara life expectancy was at its lowest point in 1948, and highest in 1965. Other recommended sound-alike names are Afra, Bara, Cara, Cera, Cira, Clara, Cyra, Dara, Dora, Edra, Fara, Hajra, Iara, Jadra, Kara, Karra, Kiara, Kora, Laci, Lada, Lal, Lalia, Lalla, Lalya, Lana, Lanah, Lanai, Lanna, Larena, Lark, Lata, Laure, Lavra, Leia, Lela, Lila, Lorna, Luba, Mahra, Mara, Maura, Mayra, Orra, Sabra, Sara, Seara, Tara, Teara, Yara and Zara. The most Lara families were found in USA in 1920. 0.30%, or 249 total occurrences, were "Non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaskan Native". A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. Russian Baby Names Meaning: In Russian Baby Names the meaning of the name Lara is: Protection. Fernandez de Lara Surname Origin, Meaning & Last Name History Distribution Demographics Similar 278,216 th Most Common surname in the World Approximately 1,391 people bear this surname Most prevalent in: Mexico Highest density in: Mexico Fernandez de Lara Surname The meaning of this surname is not listed. rcel.async = true; The Spanish surname Lara is derived from Lara de los Infantes, in the Burgos province of Spain, and in some cases retains the original form, de Lara ('of Lara');[1] there are also Lara surnames in France and Romania. Have information to share? In Roman mythology, a nymph, the daughter of the river-god Almo. Latvia: October 1 (as Lara) Entry updated April 16, 2019. Larissa originated as a Greek female name () briefly featured in Greek mythology. The surname Lara (Arabic: , Georgian: , Hindi: , Marathi: , Oriya: ) is borne by more people in Mexico than any other country/territory. Lara sings in French, English, Spanish, Italian, and even in Russian. Jozef was Slovak. It may be rendered in the variant forms: Lra, Lar, Lra or Lr. These photos contain people and places related to the Lara last name. "Lara" comes from the Basque word "aro" with the "L" added on. Debuting in 1996 under original developer Core Design, Lara Croft has attained massive popularity, and is considered by many to be among the most iconic, influential and important video game characters of all time. 18,641 per year; in South Africa they earn 279.89% more than the national average, earning R 902,760 per year; in Colombia they earn 2.39% less than the national average, earning $22,160,500 COP per year; in United States they earn 17.21% less than the national average, earning $35,721 USD per year and in Canada they earn 5.59% less than the national average, earning $46,905 CAD per year. Meaning, origin and history of the name Lara - Behind the Name Lara Name Popularity Namesakes Name Days There are multiple entries for this name Lara 1 f Russian, English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, Hungarian, Slovene, Croatian Lara 2 f Roman Mythology The SSDI is a searchable database of more than 70 million names. Nicholas de Larre, Normandy 1198 (Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniae); William Larie, Engl. Sources: Genealogies of Lara Trump https://webb-site.com There are 23,000 immigration records available for the last name Lara. In the novel Dr. Hint: Try searching for a relative alive in 1940. The surname Lora was first found in Northumberland, where they held a family seat as Lords of the Manor of Kirk Hall some say, from the time of the Norman Conquest of England by Duke William of Normandy in 1066 A.D. })(); Ethnicity of Celebs | EthniCelebs.com 2023. Usage of these relations of Lara was widespread 5 decades ago (USAGE OF 0.08%) and has become much diminished since (USAGE 0.03%, DOWN 61%), with the form Larissa falling out of fashion. Click here for other possible spellings of Lara. During this year, 944 babies were named Lara, which was 0.0282% of the baby girls born in the USA that year. Date of Birth: October 12, 1982 Ethnicity: Slovak (paternal grandfather), English, German, remote Swiss-German and Dutch Lara Trump is an American journalist and associate producer. This was interpreted by some,includingthe Jewish magazine Tablet, as meaning that the wedding was Jewish, and other sources therefore reported that Lara is Jewish. We don't have any information on the origins of the Lara name. Larissa is variably described as the daughter of Pelasgus (who many ancient Greeks believed to be the first man and ancestor to the first indigenous people of Greece) or the daughter of Piasus (a Pelasgian prince). of 5,155 people with the last name Lara This is an alternative to Laura or Lauren made romantic by Dr Zhivago, and badass by video-game heroine Lara Croft. Use census records and voter lists to see where families with the Lara surname lived. We appreciate your support! The alternate forms: Lra (4), Lar (2), Lra (1) & Lr (1) are calculated separately. We don't have any information on the history of the Lara name. In Turkish Lara means water fairy. Discover your ancestors and build your family tree step by step through billions of data included in our members' family trees and through civil records. Larissa is the common variant in the Russian language. Meaning & History. Lara can be a given name or a surname in several languages. Knowing these names variants will help you build your family tree. Find out where your family name is from, what your ancestors did for a living, and who they were, using Ancestry.com records. As per the report, Lara Latex lives in Surrey, England, United Kingdom. The surname Burbano de Lara is the 667,223 rd most widely held surname throughout the world It is held by approximately 1 in 16,230,615 people. The first mention of the surname Lara occurs in the 18th -19th centuries, it was at this time that surnames from servants and merchants began to spread in Russia. Fate is favorable to them and provides its patronage throughout the life path. The name statistics are still in development, sign up for information on more maps and data. Origins Girl Lara "The sweet and dainty," from the Greek laws, sweet, dainty. According to the data, Lara is ranked #381 in terms of the most common surnames in America. Copyright 1999-2023 AncientFaces, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Lara family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. There are 50,000 census records available for the last name Lara. ADVERTISEMENT Spanish: habitational name from a place called Lara de los Infantes in Burgos province. Lara Trump is an American journalist and associate producer. Lara Fabian - Lara Sophie Katy Crokaert (born 9 January 1970), better known as Lara Fabian, is a Canadian-Belgian singer, songwriter, musician, actress and producer. It is most commonly occurring in Mexico, where it is borne by 321,039 people, or 1 in 387. The spelling and translation of the surname Lara. Lara Lara Latex holds British nationality. 82 biographies and photos with the De Lara last name. Yes, yes all these words refer to people with the number 6 in their last names. Such people have a calm and balanced behavior, which always makes the most favorable impression. Russian short form of Larisa. Knowing these names variants will help you build your family tree. Some of the first settlers of this family name were: We use cookies to enhance your personalized experience for ads, analytics, and more. People who like the name Lara also like: # 681 in the US Discover the family history, nationality, origin and common names of De Lara family members. So if Jozef was also Slovak, Id change to: All you have to know about the last name LARA Last name frequency LARA: This last name is indexed 208,407 times on Geneanet! The "Tomb Raider" franchise with protagonist Lara Croft is globally famous. Find the names and birth dates of Lara family members, different addresses of residence, family members' occupations as well as death and burial information. There are already 509 users and over 5,000 genealogy profiles with the de Lara surname on Geni. The religious adherence of those holding the last name is chiefly Orthodox (82%) in Russia, Christian (100%) in Kenya, Christian (85%) in Nigeria and Orthodox (71%) in Ukraine. https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=pv&GRid=42828599&PIpi=82861853. We don't have any information on the nationality / ethnicity Name Popularity Related Ratings Comments Namesakes Name Days. Suzannas second husband, John Milan, was also Slovak. In . More information is included under the topic Early Lara Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. The last name occurs mostly in The Americas, where 89 percent of Lara live; 48 percent live in North America and 40 percent live in Hispano-North America. The most Lara families were found in USA in 1920. var rcel = document.createElement("script"); Biography of Lara Fabian. Lara. The table below contains all of the statistics for both years in a side-by-side comparison. What are Ancestry DNA Genetic Communities? 1977), Spanish professional golfer ranked in the top 100 of the Official World Golf Rankings, Gwen Shamblin Lara (1955-2021), American author and founder of the Christian diet program The Weigh Down Workshop and founder of the Remnant Fellowship Church, William Joseph Lara (1962-2021), American actor, martial artist, and musician, best known for the role of Tarzan in the American TV series Tarzan: The Epic Adventures, Lucas Martinez Lara (1946-2016), Mexican Roman Catholic bishop, Tony Lara (1965-2015), American fishing captain of the FV Cornelia Marie and reality show personality appearing on the Deadliest Catch, Odete Lara (1929-2015), stage name of Odete Righi Bertoluzzi, a Brazilian film actress who appeared in 37 films between 1954 and 1994, Modesto Lara (b. Where Does The Last Name Lara Come From? It may also appear in the variant forms: Lra, Lar, Lra or Lr. Representatives of the Lara surname are cheerful people who can succeed in various fields. It is very popular with parents-to-be and is often chosen as a baby name. that have a birth and death date listed. The surname Lara is the 676th most frequent family name internationally It is held by approximately 1 in 8,991 people. The influence of luck can be traced in all key moments :such people are born into a poor family, but end up in high society, they skip classes at the university, and on the exam they choose the only topic they studied. Share their story. Luke was born in Pennsylvania. First step Tinder, second step baby name app, Empowering Baby Names from Greek Mythology, Origin, meaning, pronunciation & popularity of the name Lara, The Tomb Raider franchise with protagonist. Browse profiles of historical people with the Lara last name, This page needs Javascript enabled in order to work properly. Explore de Lara genealogy and family history in the World's Largest Family Tree. In The United States those holding the Lara surname are 42.43% more likely to be registered with the Democratic Party than The US average, with 95.66% being registered to vote for the party. The Lara surname appeared 83,067 times in the 2010 census and if you were to sample 100,000 people in the United States, approximately 28.16 would have the surname Lara. In this article we'll look at the origin and meaning of the surname Lara and how popular it is in the United States. The number of the Lara surname in numerology is 6. All people were categorized into six mutually exclusive racial and Hispanic origin groups: "White only", "Black only", "American Indian and Alaskan Native only", "Asian and Pacific Islander only", "Two or More Races", and "Hispanic". (2000 U.S. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. rcds.appendChild(rcel); Derived from latin "lar" or "laris" - pagan household god. 82% Rating. In 1840 there were 5 Lara families living in New York. DEMOGRAPHICS), Lara reached its top rank of #324 in the U.S. in the 1970s, and is currently at #757. Early Origins of the Lora family. c. 1272 (Rotuli Hundredorum); Oliver de Lare, Normandy 1180 (Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniae). Compare De Lara . LARA : Spanish: habitational name from a place called Lara de los Infantes in Burgos province. Lara is a Russian name and is a short form of the names Laura and Larissa. Name Popularity Related Ratings Comments Namesakes Name Days. This meaning was favourable, since in ancient Rome the leaves of laurel trees were used to create victors' garlands. Usage Roman Mythology. We don't have any information on the history of the Lara name. of the Lara name. Have information to share? Lara Origin Word/name Greek, Russian Other names Related names Larisa, Larissa See also Robert, Albert, Herbert, Adolf, Waldemar, Vladimir, Jair(other names also meaning "to shine") Lara Abdallat(born 1982), Jordanian hacker Lara Aharonian(born 1972), Armenian Canadian human rights activist Lara Aknin, Canadian social psychologist Lara Last Name Popularity, Meaning and Origin, Common Asian and Pacific Islander Surnames, Common American Indian/Alaskan Native Surnames. Lara Surname Origin . Lara Latex's hobbies are Reading, photography, learning, traveling, internet surfing and to name a few. Lara has been used in the United States ever since 1887, with over 28133 girls given the name in the past 200 years. Save. James was the son ofChas Sikes andMargarett Emirs. Lara means famous one, it also means female protection in Russian. View Census Data for Lara | Data not to scale. Other forms, like Lari, are uncommon. NameCensus.com. This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Lara research. Meaning & History. In English, the translation of the surname Lara can be done as follows Lara. Lara is the daughter of Linda and Robert Yunaska. Initially, only the richest and eminent merchants were honored to receive the surname Lara. If you found the data or information on this page useful in your research, please use the tool below to properly cite or reference Name Census as the source. These are associations that historically arise in the minds of people when they hear the name Lara. Latin : Well-known; name of a nymph; Family name origins & meanings. Like a window into their day-to-day life, Lara census records can tell you where and how your ancestors worked, their level of education, veteran status, and more. Search comprehensively and find the name meaning of Lara and its name origin or of any other name in our database. may also be a first name. var rcds = document.getElementById("rcjsload_b42b6d"); An unusually short lifespan might indicate that your Lara ancestors lived in harsh conditions. The amount Lara earn in different countries varies greatly. rcel.type = 'text/javascript'; In Hindi it is known as Laranya, meaning "graceful." The name is derived from Spanish Lara de los Infantes which is from the Burgos province of Spain. Keep in mind that many names may have different meanings in other countries and languages, so be careful that the name that you choose doesn't mean something bad or unpleasant. She worked at the CBS television news program Inside Edition. The name Lara is primarily a female name of Russian origin that means Cheerful. In 1940, Laborer and Maid were the top reported jobs for men and women in the USA named Lara. The surname Lara was first found in Catalonia, in northeastern Spain.