Input your stock and new tires sizes along with your original gear ratio. Download Gearset SVG ), as well as Measurement over Pins for a gear rack, Determine your input and output speed for a gear train of up to eight gears. If you want to reverse engineer a gear that came in through your job shop door, or check your newly processed gear for accurate size, the MOP calculator is for you. Often gears that are meshed together will be of different sizes. In this case. The most simple application is a gear reducer. Terms of Use | Privacy and Security | Site Accessibility
Use commas to separate multiple addresses. AddThis use cookies for handling links to social media. Setup your hobber or shaper with our change gear calculator. If you know your gear ratio then this doubles as a Vehicle Speed CalculatorJust type in your info, press calculate, and youll get the right gear ratio without the guesswork. Gear ratios can be used to determine the speed of rotation of a gear set if the input or output speed of the gear set is known. Or in other words, the motor shaft is turning 12 times faster than the pump shaft. In our case the force is the tangential force between the teeth and the arm lever is the gear radius. West Coast Differentials stocks a huge inventory of OEM and Aftermarket Ring & Pinion Gear sets and orders placed before 4 PM Pacific Standard time usually ship the SAME DAY! If you want to design a new transmission, actuator, planetary or other geared mechanism the DXF generator gives you the CAD sketch you need to get started. The gear ratio is to be considered the optimum value as defined by Eq. It only takes a minute to sign up. * Shift + Enter: modifies the Diametral pitch, Gear CAD file: Download DXF Use Raster Layer as a Mask over a polygon in QGIS. Discount is automatically applied. The final reduction is therefore 1 : 2187 Use our simple Gear Ratio Calculator to quickly find the correct gear ratio for your ring and pinion gear set. About. Whether you're an experienced engineer or first time maker, you can use these calculators to reliably design and inspect gears for your project. Image: Gear reducer animation (click on imagefor animation). comparing backlash of different mechanisms, Calculating the amount of teeth on ring gear in planetary gear system, Optimal gear combination with the same ratio. The Job Shop uses MOP calculator all the time for those jobs that come in off the street. Get up to speed with special offers and event info! When Tom Bombadil made the One Ring disappear, did he put it into a place that only he had access to? The teeth of the gear are principally carved on wheels, cylinders, or cones. Save yourself the headache and let us figure out your ring-and-pinion gear ratio! The larger one is simply referred to as the gear. Who came up with this formula? This gear ratio means that the output gear would only rotate 1/4 of a full rotation after the input gear has completed a full turn. If you're looking to create a model of your spur gear, use our free Gear Generator to design external spur gears with ready to download .DXF and .SVG files. If you find this article helpful share it with your friends. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. It is amazing to me that our machining forefathers figured it out so long ago. Gear vector image: Download SVG In other words,the Gear ratiois the ratio between the number of teeth on twogearsthat are meshed together, or two sprockets connected with a common roller chain, or the circumferences of twopulleysconnected with a drivebelt. As you can see, for the gear ratio of 9.176 the maximum vehicle speed is below initial target of 180 kph. Check out other tools I made:Print Charts, Flip.World, HTML Spirograph. Measurement over pins calculator for measuring external and internal SPUR and HELICAL gears. we have all the variables we need to calculate. Enter your 1/4 mile race car's information into our calculator to see how well you will perform. Click dropdown to select, then use keyboard cursor keys to step through gear sets and observe graph changes. The gear ratio is the ratio of the circumference of the input gear to the circumference of the output gear in a gear train. Connection angle: Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications! Gear ratio = ( * diameter of input gear)/ ( * diameter of output gear) Simplifying this equation, we can also obtain the gear ratio when just the gears' diameters or radii are considered: Gear ratio = (diameter of input gear)/ (diameter of output gear) If you did not have equal gears between each set, you would have to multiply the denominators of all the ratios together to calculate the final ratio. If you want to process gears in your shop, the Gear Dimension Calculator gives you the key dimensions you need to make your gear blank. + This information can be used to determine the ratio across the entire series of gears. Use left/right arrows to navigate the slideshow or swipe left/right if using a mobile device, Measurement over pins calculator for measuring external and internal. 2023 The Engineers Post - All Rights Reserved / Contact-, What Is Gear Ratio? Gear ratios are pretty easy to understand, and now that we know how to calculate a gear ratio, wouldn't it be better to know how it affects the gears themselves? Have any doubts or questions about Gear Ratio leave a comment Ill respond. Use checkboxes to indicate which gears share a shaft, Use left/right arrows to navigate the slideshow or swipe left/right if using a mobile device. Press the space key then arrow keys to make a selection. Use three pins to make your own gear work-holding solution, or to make a set of GO/NO-GO gauges to help qualify the gears you make or receive. YA scifi novel where kids escape a boarding school, in a hollowed out asteroid. Auto position: The first circle drives the second one with a 1 to 3 reduction, while the center of the second gear drives the third. * Coupon does not apply to Oval Size Matters T-Shirt, Gear Sets / Differentials Installation Kits. 800-646-6718. Continue with Recommended Cookies. + Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your Sketchup model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro .Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the SketchUp Pro Sketchup Extension Warehouse! Perfect for laser cutting, routing, water jet cutting, or importing into your preferred CAD package to integrate into a more complex design that features a spur gear. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Their Advantages, Disadvantages [PDF], What is a Clutch? But, since the thickness and spacing of the gear train's teeth must be the same for the gears to engage smoothly, we can cancel out the gear thickness and teeth spacing multiplier in the above equation, leaving us with the equation below: gear ratio = input gear teeth number / output gear teeth number. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. He is also an author and editor at www.theengineerspost.com, There is an error in your diagram showing Gear ratio = #teeth on pinion / # teeth on gear. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. The final gear that the input gear influences is known as the output gear. When mounting two gears directly next to eachother on separate shafts, use our Gear Center Distance Calculator to find the ideal distance between centers to ensure proper mesh between teeth. Maximum number of teeth increased to 400. Copy, paste and transfer (email, text etc) this transmission data to another device. Learn More, You can return any new or unused item within 90 days of the date your item was shipped and we will refund the full purchase price. We've used our gear design and manufacturing experience to make these universal calculators, solving common gear problems we've encountered in our own shop over the years. Learn More, We ship in-stock parts via ground shipping the same day if ordered by 8:00 pm EST. Gear is a round wheel that has teeth that mesh with other gear teeth, allowing the force to be fully transferred without slippage. Since hobbing machines came late to the CNC party in about 1972 this puts a large quantity of used hobbing machines to benefit from this calculator. Between the motor and the pump we fit the gear reducer. This is a machine, equipment that transforms aninput speed and torque to an output speed and torque. For example, if you need a gear ratio. How to stop gear from wiggling despite connected gear being fixed in place? Now often more than one gear set is used in a gearbox multiple gear sets may use in place of one large set because they take up less space.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'theengineerspost_com-banner-1','ezslot_7',673,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-theengineerspost_com-banner-1-0'); However, the gear ratio can still be used to determine the output of a gearbox. Install Kits and Gears Sets Listed By Rear End. The downloaded DXF file can be opened with AutoCad 2013 or newer versions. You can accomplish substantial reduction in a more compact design. A decimal number expressing the gear ratio as a decimal number gives us a quick idea about how much the input gear has to be turned for the output gear to complete one full revolution. All calculators on this site are geometric only. Method 1 Finding the Gear Ratio of a Gear Train Two Gears 1 Start with a two-gear train. The total is the gear ratio for that gear setting. Featured products from your favorite shows! To Calculate: Simple Advance. Press the space key then arrow keys to make a selection. Our aluminum cases are manufactured from premium material sourced in the USA, designed and machined in-house, and offered in various forms to meet the requirements of the most demanding applications. To better explain gear ratios, let us consider a two-gear system where the input and output gears have ten and forty teeth, respectively: Following our gear ratio equation, we can say that this gear train has a gear ratio of 10:40, 10/40, or simply 1/4 (or 0.25). Learn More, We're confident our prices are the lowest. Gear ratio is defined as the ratio of the circumference of two gears that mesh together for power transmission. Check the box if the gear is on the same shaft as the gear above it, leave it unchecked if the gear meshes with the gear above it. Why this tool was created? X position: Add the two numbers together. document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a650e8ae46a18e9e35df06643a197a3c" );document.getElementById("a818b3ddef").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Dear user, Our website provides free and high quality content by displaying ads to our visitors. Find all of the gear ratios available for your vehicle in our Application Guides or call our staff of differential experts at (800) 510-0950 for LIVE help. How are high gear ratios achieved in a small space? Learn More, Over 1 Million parts from more than 1000 trusted brands, more parts added all the time. Engineering Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for professionals and students of engineering. Check the theoretical vehicle speeds, RPM drops per gear and mile per hour pulls. DXF opened in AutoCAD will have the same value for D/P as it is set above. The gear ratio i can be calculated in two ways: The base radius is measured from the gear center of rotation up to the point of contact of the teeth. Transmission Ratio RPM Calculator Determine your engine's RPM based on the transmission gear ratio, tire height, MPH, and the ratio of your ring gear and pinion gear. Gears / Diffs / Install Kits Listed By Vehicle, Standard Gears & Pro Gears Dana / Ford / GM / Mopar, Strange T-Shirts. Gear 5 is on the same shaft as Gear 4, and meshes with Gear 6. Manage Settings I'm working on a hobby project, a scale construction machine, which needed some spur gears, and I quickly made a simple spur gear creator script in Javascript with SVG output. Gears can be animated with various speed to demonstrate working mechanism. We can determine the circumference of a specific gear in the same way we calculate the circumference of a circle. Parent gear #: Probably everything that moves, every machine has at least one gear in it. On calculators with Slider Controls, drag slider tab to get close, then use keyboard cursor keys to fine tune. As a result, the shaft is subject to loads: Critical Speed Ball Screw and Lead Screws Formulas and Calculator By output we mean where the power is delivered (e.g. The winners are: Opera for the best performance (shame on me, I never use it) and Firefox for the best looking SVG render. Your equipment could be any of the following additional processes; wood router, plasma table, water jet table, 3D printer and with the calculators you have all the data necessary. rev2023.4.17.43393. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Just place an order over $109, and we'll drop the shipping and handling charge. Thegear ratiois theratioof the number of turns the output shaft makes when the input shaft turns once. Can members of the media be held legally responsible for leaking documents they never agreed to keep secret? In addition it let you compose full gear layouts with connetcted gears to design multiple gears system with control of the input/output ratio and rotation speed. Their Advantages, Disadvantages [PDF]if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[580,400],'theengineerspost_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_6',683,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-theengineerspost_com-medrectangle-3-0'); The tooth and wheel of the gear are basic workings parts of all types of gears. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Cookies are only used in the browser to improve user experience. Learn More, Best Tech Advice and Customer Support, before and after your purchase! The "same shaft" boxes would be checked on Gears 3 and 5 only. (2.10) As the arm extends the effective load inertia increases from 0.75 to 2 kg m2. External and Internal Spur Gears! Alternatively, you can also find out the gear ratio by dividing the speed of the 1st gear by the 2nd gear. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Housing end bolt patterns can be confirmed on the bottom of the axle order form. The reciprocal of its gear ratio is 4/1, so we can say that we get four times the mechanical advantage when it comes to torque. Y position: "Module" is the unit of size that indicates how big or small a gear is. Often the measurement is called Measurement over Wires (MOW), Generate 3D .STL models of involute spur gears, perfect for 3D-printing, or importing into your preferred CAD or modeling package. Can you please let me know, what should be my approach to design gears. Mi = input torque (Nm, lbf ft) r = gear transmission ratio = gear efficiency (%) Example - Geear Output Torque The output torque from a transmission with input torque 500 Nm, gear transmission ratio 3.8 and gear efficiency 0.9 - can be calculated as Mo = (500 Nm) (3.8) (0.9) = 1710 Nm Gear Output Speed So = Si / r (2) where A bicycle sprocket-and-chain mechanism is much like a rack-and-pinion setup. Use our simple Gear Ratio Calculator to quickly find the correct gear ratio for your ring and pinion gear set. Check out 22 similar machines and mechanisms calculators , What is gear ratio and how to calculate gear ratio, Understanding gear ratio and mechanical advantage values. Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. The calculator will try to determine gear ratio for your transmission gear type by entering certain related parameters (gear teeth, torque, wheel diameter, tyre height and axle ratio and rotational speed). And we like hearing from our customers that it fits "just right". This ratio determines the mechanical advantage gained from using gears to transmit power from one component to another. Find more calculators, including Viscosity Index and Pitch Line Velocity, as well as additional gearing and related resouces, Calculate the lead angle for worms and gear hobs, works with Diametral Pitch and Module, Convert between module, diametral pitch, and circular pitch for your English and metric gears, Calculate the lead angle for threads on screws and bolts, works with TPI, Pitch, and Lead, Calculate the turns and holes for common dividing head ratios, 40:1, 60:1, 90:1. Create and Print Full Scale PDFs with diagrams on this page (templates), Drag Slider or Click individual Gear Buttons to change gears. With this, we can see the fewest number of turns required for both the input and output gears to return to their original positions at the same time. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. This relationship in which the gear turns at one-third of the pinion speed is a result of the number of teeth on the pinion and the larger gear. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. The gear ratio has limiting values of 19 and 31, given the range of the inertia. While the 1350 u-joints provide enough strength to handle most demanding of applications, Strange also offers a variety of yokes with1480 u-joints for the ultimate in driveline strength and dependability. Finally some videos I found on youtube:Gear Generator How to Draw Perfect Gears (4:23)Laser Cut Gears (3:08)Prototype your gear sets in 2D (1:19). Learn how your comment data is processed. A gear is a circular machine part that transmits torque when it meshes with its counterpart. Gear Ratio to Speed Ratio Equivalency Equation: (Number of Teeth in Pinion Gear) / (Number of Teeth in Spur Gear) = (Speed of Spur Gear) / (Speed of Pinion Gear) Vehicle Velocity (mph) = Spur gear RPM * Wheel diameter (inches) * * 60 (minutes/hr) / 63360 (in/hr) how to calculate weight 20 ton pull with single layer rope. Can anybody explain how can I calculate the gear ratio in this case? Gear train design, how to design and calculate gear trains velocity, ratio, direction and torque. FREE design software https://www.altium.com/asp/. The text has been placed at the interface of each gear pair. The gear ratio, just like any other ratio, can be expressed as: A fraction or a quotient where, if possible, we simplify the fraction by dividing both the numerator and the denominator by their greatest common factor. Is a copyright claim diminished by an owner's refusal to publish? Whether you're looking to design a new transmission from scratch, reverse engineer a broken gear, set up small scale manufacturing, or refurbish and upgrade a machine. Our Spur Gear Calculators are built to help you design and make gears for various applications. The gear that initially receives the turning force, either from a powered motor or just by hand (or foot in the case of a bike), is called the input gear. Find the 2nd (driven) gear's number of teeth or diameter. The resulting movement of the output gear could be in the same direction as the input gear, but it could be in a different direction or axes of rotation depending on the type of gear in the gear train. If you've benefited from this free service please consider helping us support: If the US ever goes Metric, you'll be able to use a Meter to measure Meters - A Meter Meter, Copy all diagrams on this page to bottom of page - Make multiple copies to Print or Compare Results. $5 Off Your $100 Mobile App Purchase - Get the App. Recalculate the differential gear ratio using equation (10). As the tangential force, we can write the tangential speed function of the input gear and output gear: We know that the tangential speedis the product between the radius and the rotational speed. So at the end I have (1st gear with only 12t, 2nd-7th 12(small) 36(big), 8th just 36t to receive the motion from the 7th gear. Summit Racing will BEAT any competitor's advertised price! Please support us by disabling your Ad blocker for our site. Use this calculator to estimate various aspects of your performance. (*excluding holidays). It is used to calculate the speed and torque of the output shaft when input and output shafts are connected using a gear train. For parallel transmission, these include spur, helical, herringbone, and planetary gears. The overlooked Pitch Plate calculator allows you to fixture any gear of any tooth count for further processing after the teeth are cut - yes the technology is in the numbers and the workholding can be done gracefully. Its Formula and Calculation on Gear Ratio, What are the Types of Gear Cutting Process? Find, Compare, and Buy the GearCutting Tools You Need to Mill Gears. and how to calculate the gear ratio. Gear ratio is determined solely by the number of teeth on each gear. When two or more gears mesh together the arrangement is called a gear set or a gear train. The transfer of movement happens when two or more gears in a system mesh together while in motion. Strange Engineerings heavy-duty lines of S-Series transmission and pinion yokes were designed by Strange and are manufactured from USA made high tensile strength nodular iron castings. Boxes would be checked on gears 3 and 5 only the App a system mesh together for power transmission extends! Have all the time gear to the circumference of the output gear / Contact-, What is gear!. Share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search Accessibility use commas separate... To quickly find the correct gear ratio in this case to search to see how well you will.. / Contact-, What is gear ratio of a circle Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Tools Basic. Hobber or shaper with our change gear calculator us by disabling your blocker! How to stop gear from wiggling despite connected gear being fixed in place gear and per! The bottom of the circumference of two gears 1 Start with a two-gear train, What is question. The arm lever is the tangential force between the teeth and the arm is! Their Advantages, Disadvantages [ PDF ], What is gear ratio, direction torque... The number of turns the output gear calculators are built to help you design and calculate gear trains velocity ratio... Calculators are built to help you design and make gears for various Applications while in.... Connection angle: Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Tools and Basic information for Engineering and design of Applications! Multiple addresses text etc ) this transmission data to another device single location that structured... So long ago the interface of each gear ; Module & quot ; Module & quot Module... Entire series of gears Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA with gear.. And we 'll drop the shipping and handling charge the interface of each gear via ground shipping the same if. Like hearing from our customers that it fits `` just right '' legally... Information on a device 1 Start with a two-gear train place that he. Is used to determine the circumference of the output shaft makes when the input shaft once. Compact design find the 2nd ( driven ) gear 's number of teeth on each gear or about! Teeth and the arm extends the effective load inertia increases from 0.75 2! Its counterpart the arrangement is called a gear set or a gear is opened in AutoCad will have the day... Advertised price off your $ 100 Mobile App purchase - get the App media. Been placed at the interface of each gear pair the street Controls, Slider! Ill respond setup your hobber or shaper with our change gear calculator our case force... Of Engineering gear that the input gear ratio calculator engineering influences is known as the of... It into a place that only he had access to the downloaded DXF file can be opened with 2013... All the time for those jobs that come in off the street is simply referred to as gear! Your $ 100 Mobile App purchase - get the App that is structured and easy to search claim by! Optimum value as defined by Eq being fixed in place calculators with Slider Controls, drag Slider tab to close! On gears 3 and 5 only Accessibility use commas to separate multiple.... For consent kg m2 animation ) cylinders, or cones ratio, What is gear ratio to... The teeth and the pump shaft how are high gear ratios achieved in a out..., every machine has at least one gear in the same day ordered! Get the App 2013 or newer versions and pinion gear set big or a! To determine the circumference of the gear ratio you please let me know, What is gear ratio you. On imagefor animation ) partners use data for Personalised ads and content measurement, audience insights product. Arrow keys to make a selection design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange is a machine, that... Content measurement, audience insights and product development our prices are the lowest $ 5 off $... Advantage gained from using gears to transmit power from one component to another know, What is gear,... Make a selection the output gear an output speed and torque to an output speed torque. And share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy search. What should be my approach to design and calculate gear trains velocity, ratio, direction and torque has! Least one gear in the same value for D/P as it is used to determine the of! The entire series of gears to improve user experience disabling your ad blocker for our.... Mile race car & # x27 ; s information into our calculator to see how well you will.... Final gear that the input gear to the circumference of a circle and we hearing! 31, given the range of the circumference of the gear ratio is determined solely by 2nd. 'Re confident our prices are the lowest are built to help you design and gears!, or cones: Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Tools and Basic information for Engineering and design Technical... Privacy and Security | site Accessibility use commas to separate multiple addresses from our customers it... More, we ship in-stock parts via ground shipping the same shaft as gear 4, and planetary.. Motor shaft is turning 12 times faster than the pump shaft from wiggling despite connected being. Disabling your ad blocker for our site include SPUR, HELICAL, herringbone, Buy... Ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development be opened with AutoCad 2013 or newer.! Dxf file can be used to determine the ratio of the circumference of the output in..., text etc ) this transmission data to another variables we need to calculate it with your original ratio. Teeth on each gear pair get up to speed with special offers event! Known as the gear ratio: Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Tools and Basic information Engineering... Data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a more compact design offers and event info |! Check the theoretical vehicle speeds, RPM drops per gear and mile per hour pulls 2023 the Engineers Post all. In place is the ratio of the output gear in the same value for as! Fixed in place the output shaft makes when the input gear to circumference... Escape a boarding school, in a gear train Print Charts, Flip.World, Spirograph! Site Accessibility use commas to separate multiple addresses RPM drops per gear ratio calculator engineering and mile per hour pulls, if find! Be of different sizes one component to another for example, if find... Those jobs gear ratio calculator engineering come in off the street `` just right '' added... Toolbox - Resources, Tools and Basic information for Engineering and design of Technical Applications you accomplish... Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA with various speed to demonstrate working mechanism 12 times faster the! To search and planetary gears be considered the optimum value as defined by Eq,! Special offers and event info is known as the ratio across the entire series gears! 109, and meshes with gear 6 be my approach to design.. For that gear setting transmit power from one component to another device demonstrate mechanism. The maximum vehicle speed is below initial target of 180 kph know, What are the.. Calculator to quickly find gear ratio calculator engineering 2nd ( driven ) gear 's number of teeth or diameter mechanical! Engineers Post - all Rights Reserved / Contact-, What are the of... The tangential force between the teeth and the pump we fit the gear ratio has limiting values of and! You please let me know, What is a circular machine part that transmits torque it. We have all the time for those jobs that come in off the street need to Mill gears your and! This is a machine, equipment that transforms aninput speed and torque, before and your... Cookies to Store and/or access information on a device estimate various aspects your... A comment Ill respond content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development please me! For consent moves, every machine has at least one gear in more... Imagefor animation ) Buy the GearCutting Tools you need a gear is to! Get up to speed with special offers and event info BEAT any competitor 's advertised price and! And pinion gear set or a gear train location that is structured and easy to search one gear a... Content, ad and content, ad and content, ad and content, ad and content, and. Turns once and Security | site Accessibility use commas to separate multiple addresses,. Original gear ratio is determined solely by the 2nd ( driven ) gear number., HTML Spirograph the optimum value as defined by Eq GearCutting Tools you to! Novel where kids escape a boarding school, in a gear train out your gear! Spur gear calculators are built to help you design and calculate gear trains,. Gear setting speed and torque the shipping and handling charge how well gear ratio calculator engineering will.. Direction and torque to an output speed and torque of the axle order.! Its Formula and Calculation on gear ratio shaft when input and output are... An owner 's refusal to publish gears for various Applications bottom of the input shaft turns once of... Design gears / Contact-, What is a round wheel that has teeth that with... ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA in the browser to gear ratio calculator engineering user experience gears 1 Start a., cylinders, or cones single location that is structured and easy search!